花一万元考飞手证，两年找不到工作
花一万元考飞手证，两年找不到工作
近期，多地秋季招聘正式启动。无人机飞手这一新兴职业因为高达100万的就业人才缺口，再次引起人们的热议。
但网上“月薪过万、就业容易”的说法，是一种基于直觉的猜测，还是有其根据？
花钱考的证书，
不会过期了吧？
陈国林是一个毕业于土木专业的二本生，毕业后没找到合适的工作，听说飞手职业最近很吃香之后，跑到杭州花了将近两万元考了证，希望能借此转行。
（图/图虫创意）
只是拿到飞手证的他至今没能如愿，海投简历但石沉大海。陈国林有些无奈：“别以为考证了就有工作，考证和就业是两回事。我拿着CAAC超视距飞手证，一样接不到活。”
陈国林说的CAAC超视距飞手证，是目前飞手就业的刚需证件，培训期大约一个月，培训加考证费用在一万元左右。陈国林在社交媒体看到，跟他一样考了飞手证却找不到工作的人还很多。
大家在网络上抱团分享找飞手工作的经验，但是普遍反馈都是“不好找”，同时极力劝退跃跃欲试的人们：“许多公司的飞手都是飞电线塔、巡检这类工作，工资待遇都只有四五千。有经验的工资会高一些，赚八千、一万的，都算飞手里面的高薪了。”
近年来各地出台的低空经济产业方案中，针对行业人才提出了不少支持措施，其中不乏看起来远景不错的条目：广东提到编制出台省级低空经济产业人才支持专项政策，精准引进、培养低空领域行业领军人才、科技创新团队等多类型人才，将适航审定、通航服务类别等专业技术人才列入省级人才计划；上海则提出要加大人才支持力度，梯队培养行业发展所需的前沿技术研发设计、适航审定、飞行管理、运营服务、检验检测、标准制定等各类人才。
（图/图虫创意）
但在陈国林和许多考了飞手证的人看来，这些让人眼花缭乱的政策离真正落实、自身就业还有相当一段距离。最令陈国林发愁的是，根据最新的民用无人驾驶航空器运行安全管理规则，无人机操控员执照有效期变更为6年，但是审证频率两年一次，两年内要在UOM系统上飞满100小时就得去更新和签注，视距内和超视距驾驶员执照在两年内无审证，那申请空域和飞行报备的权限就失效了。如果6年内没有更新，这个执照会被销户，若想重新使用，就要重新进行理论和实践考试。
他最担心的是自己花钱考来的证书，因为一直找不到对口工作而报废。
2024年，“低空经济”首次被写进政府工作报告中，其中无人机行业一直备受关注。
2024广东省无人机应用技术职业技能大赛选拔赛已拉开序幕。（图/受访者提供）
据中国民航局发布的《2023年民航行业发展统计公报》显示，截至2023年底，我国全行业无人机拥有者注册用户92.9万名、注册无人机共126.7万架、有效无人机操控员执照共19.44万本，从数字上看缺口较大，但实际需求可能并没有这么多。
广州迪飞无人机科技总经理胡祖火从2016年开始从事无人机的研发与培训工作，他说，前几年提起无人机，很多人以为只是摄影玩具，但工业级的无人机已经可以完成很多工作。他分析道，近两年低空经济热度确实很高，去年开始他们的招生量翻了一倍。他认为飞手的需求是确实存在的，但事实上的数量缺口可能没有推测的那么高：“100万对标的是无人机的数量，但是公司化的规模，往往是由一个飞手操控多台无人机。”
学员在电脑上操作模拟飞行。（图/受访者提供）
考飞手证后，从教练做起
出身于2002年的翁光恩是湖南人，毕业于广州某技术学院汽修专业，在一家本田4S店里从事汽车修理两年后，越发觉得传统汽修行业日薄西山。
4S店汽修工人的薪资构成是由基本工资加上工时，现在燃油车数量和自己的工作量一起减少。翁光恩回忆：“我当汽修工人时，实习2300块一个月，转正后最低的一次工资是3600。公司只包一顿午饭，其他像吃住都要自己给。收入最高的一次是因为广州大暴雨，送了一大批水淹车需要修理，那个月工资有6000多元。”
微薄的工资，一眼可见的行业天花板，让他产生了强烈的危机感。一支偶然刷到的短视频，让他了解了飞手这个职业，于是下定决心转去这个看起来更有生机的行业：“这个职业在测绘之类的领域待遇还不错，所以想转行试试。”
培训期间，翁光恩每天上午9点开始一直学习到中午12点，下午从2点学到6点，晚上再单独复习一遍，从未缺勤。最终他只花了20多天的时间，所有科目都一次性考过了，被培训公司邀请留下来担任助教的工作。在此之前，他没有跟任何人说自己想换行业的事。
（图/受访者提供）
翁光恩考的是中型超视距、多旋翼的民用无人机操控员执照（CAAC），由民航局发放，是目前认可度最高、法律效力最强的无人机驾驶证。大部分学员都要学习一个月以上，还有的人陆陆续续学了一年还没敢考。
理论与实操都很重要。翁光恩至今还记得自己第一次实操无人机时，手一直抖：“我特别紧张，无人机不是很好操控。不止我一个人抖，跟我一起下去飞的人都在抖。”
“飞手”的工作环境和知识要求比翁光恩想象中更艰难。在户外操作无人机，夏天的高温暴晒是常事。飞手要学习气象学的知识，还得学习民航无人机法规、飞行原理等理论知识，“小飞机”也遵循着许多大飞机的安全规范。
（图/图虫创意）
和他同期考飞手证的50多个人，小到19岁，大到50多岁，大部分是20至30岁的男性，只有两名女性。学员中有一部分是无人机专业的学生，还有一部分是企业送来培训考证的人。在交警、消防、电网、城管等单位，基于性价比与熟悉情况的考虑，要求“老员工新技能”，送员工来考证培训。过去公路巡检是开一台巡检车在路上巡查，现在有了无人机，每天定时按照既定航线飞行就可以完成任务。
考取飞手证后，翁光恩也投过几次简历，但是他发现许多招聘飞手的公司只招聘有飞行经验的飞手，仅仅是持证的小白，没有任何相关经验的话，大部分公司都是不要的。翁光恩只能先从培训做起，接下来他希望能考取无人机的教员证。
有职业空间，也有风险
广州迪飞无人机科技公司是国内最早组织无人机飞手培训的机构之一。除了培训，公司还有无人机实训室建设、无人机定制开发等相关业务。
迪飞也是广州目前的无人机飞手常态化考点，每个月有一次无人机飞手驾照考试。据胡祖火介绍，每次飞手考试参与人数在100-200人之间，平均每年在迪飞毕业的飞手有1000人左右。
迪飞无人机驾校的学员在课堂培训中。（图/受访者提供）
据胡祖火观察，眼下无人机培训市场比较混乱，一些培训机构在近两年才成立，为了招揽学员，会夸大飞手的市场需求与薪资待遇，营造过度的职业期待与焦虑感。
实际上，无人机飞手真实收入跨度较大。新手月薪大都是从几千元起步，工作出色的熟手才能月入过万。胡祖火强调，除了要有效合规的考证培训，学员还要仔细考察机构有没有能力提供一些就业或创业的指引：“对大部分普通企业来说，无人机就是一个工具。企业其实只需要让员工进行培训就能拿到资格证，不需要专门招聘一名飞手。对这个行业一无所知的年轻人，指望考个证就能找到高薪工作，不太现实。”
低空经济是新的产业机遇，要保持行业良性发展只能稳中求进，而不是蛊惑年轻人轻易投身浪潮里。培训机构打着100万人才缺口的广告，只管招生，不管就业，这种过度的宣传很容易出现问题。在“飞手考证热”下选择半路出家的‘飞手’，他有一定的职业空间，同时也有一定的风险。”
（图/pexels）
在胡祖火看来，今年中型无人机出现的场景越来越多了，空中物流就是其中之一。
截至2024年6月，深圳市已建成低空起降点249个、开通无人机航线207条。深圳市发展和改革委员会提出，到2025年底将建成1000个以上低空飞行器起降平台、1000条以上航线，实现低空飞行服务保障达到国际先进水平。这种模式还会在全国进行推广。广州也马上要启动无人机空中物流的计划，这种空中无人机一次可以运输300斤以内的东西。
此外，用无人机清洗光伏板、风力发电机的叶片等，都是新需求。光伏板长期使用后表面沾满了灰尘，导致光伏板的效率变低。于是需要飞手驾驶无人机去清洗光伏板，这类型飞手需要具备中型无人机驾照。“听起来很高科技，但其实是一门苦力活。”
还有无人机测试和无人机销售，都需要有专业基础的人才，开发载人飞行器的低空文旅项目也是一类新的增长点。此外，无人机载货载人的试点各地也将接连开展。在业态整体发展成熟之后，对无人机飞手的需求量可能才会显著地增大。
胡祖火认为，一部分35岁以上的人考证，是为了在低空经济赛道创业。除了一些目标特别明确的人，他认为在这股热潮之下还是要保持冷静，慎重选择：“这个职业的风险在于事物发展有个过程。当人们一窝蜂冲上去的时候，市场劳动力过剩，会形成淘汰机制。”
（图/pexels）
现在很多学校都增设了无人机专业。和无人机驾校不一样的是，学校的无人机专业学习的内容更加全面。机构只是让学员学会驾驶无人机，考取证书。学校的无人机专业，会给学生学习无人机结构原理，进行组装、测试、维护、维修等全面的无人机培训。
胡祖火认为，专业素养应该排在工具之前。无人机的热度再高，它也只是工具，更重要的是使用思维与需求场景：“比如学农林类专业的考个无人机证，以后可以从事植保类无人机工作；学物流专业的人考这个证可为从事无人机低空物流行业培养基本素养和技能。总之，年轻人应该把无人机飞手证看作是一个加分技能，而非仅仅是一个谋生工具。”
Spending 10000 yuan to obtain a pilot's license, unable to find a job for two years
Recently, autumn recruitment has officially started in many places.
The emerging profession of drone pilots has once again sparked heated discussions due to a shortage of up to one million job opportunities.
But is the online claim that "a monthly salary of over ten thousand yuan makes employment easy" a guess based on intuition or has some basis?
A certificate obtained through spending money,
It won't expire, will it?
Chen Guolin is a second tier undergraduate student majoring in civil engineering. After graduation, he couldn't find a suitable job. After hearing that the flying profession has been very popular recently, he went to Hangzhou and spent nearly 20000 yuan to take the exam, hoping to switch careers.
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(Image/Image Worm Creative)
He, who only obtained his pilot's license, has not been able to achieve his goal yet. He submitted his resume at sea, but it went unanswered.
Chen Guolin felt somewhat helpless and said, "Don't think that obtaining certification means you have a job. Certification and employment are two different things. I have a CAAC beyond visual range pilot certificate, but I can't get a job either
The CAAC beyond visual range pilot certificate mentioned by Chen Guolin is a necessary document for current pilots' employment. The training period is about one month, and the cost of training and certification is around 10000 yuan.
Chen Guolin saw on social media that there are still many people like him who have taken the pilot test but cannot find a job.
Everyone is sharing their experience of finding pilots online, but the general feedback is that it is "difficult to find". At the same time, they strongly discourage those who are eager to try: "Many companies' pilots work in power tower and inspection jobs, with salaries of only four or five thousand yuan. Experienced workers earn higher salaries, and those who earn eight or ten thousand yuan are considered high salaries among pilots
In recent years, various low altitude economy industry plans have been introduced in various regions, which have put forward many support measures for industry talents. Among them, there are some items that look promising: Guangdong mentioned the formulation and introduction of a provincial-level low altitude economy industry talent support special policy, which accurately introduces and cultivates various types of talents in the low altitude field, such as industry leaders and scientific and technological innovation teams, and includes professional and technical talents in airworthiness certification, general aviation service categories, etc. in the provincial-level talent plan;
Shanghai has proposed to increase talent support and cultivate various talents required for the development of the industry, including cutting-edge technology research and development design, airworthiness certification, flight management, operation services, inspection and testing, and standard setting.
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(Image/Image Worm Creative)
But in the eyes of Chen Guolin and many people who have taken the pilot certificate exam, these dazzling policies still have a considerable distance to go before they can be truly implemented and their own employment.
What worries Chen Guolin the most is that according to the latest civil unmanned aerial vehicle operation safety management rules, the validity period of the unmanned aerial vehicle operator license has been changed to 6 years, but the certification frequency is once every two years. If the pilot must fly 100 hours on the UOM system within two years, they need to update and sign. If the visual range and beyond visual range pilot licenses are not certified within two years, the authority to apply for airspace and flight reporting will be invalidated.
If there is no update within 6 years, this license will be cancelled. If you want to use it again, you need to take theoretical and practical exams again.
His biggest concern is that the certificate he obtained with his own money will be scrapped because he has been unable to find a suitable job.
In 2024, the concept of "low altitude economy" was first included in the government work report, with the drone industry receiving significant attention.
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The selection competition for the 2024 Guangdong UAV application Technology Vocational Skills Competition has begun.
(Image/Provided by interviewee)
According to the "2023 Statistical Bulletin on the Development of the Civil Aviation Industry" released by the Civil Aviation Administration of China, as of the end of 2023, there will be 929000 registered users, 1.267 million registered drones, and 194400 valid drone operator licenses in China's entire industry. Although there may be a significant shortage in terms of numbers, the actual demand may not be as high.
Hu Zuhuo, General manager of Guangzhou Difei Drone Technology, has been engaged in the research and training of drones since 2016. He said that when it comes to drones a few years ago, many people thought they were just photography toys, but industrial grade drones can already accomplish a lot of work.
He analyzed that the low altitude economy has indeed been very popular in the past two years, and their enrollment has doubled since last year.
He believes that the demand for pilots does exist, but the actual quantity gap may not be as high as speculated: "One million is the benchmark for the number of drones, but the scale of corporatization often involves one pilot operating multiple drones
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Students operate simulated flights on the computer.
(Image/Provided by interviewee)
After obtaining a pilot certificate, start as a coach
Weng Guangen, born in 2002, is from Hunan province. He graduated from a technical college in Guangzhou with a major in auto repair. After working in a Honda 4S dealership for two years, he increasingly felt that the traditional auto repair industry was declining.
The salary structure of 4S shop auto repair workers is composed of basic salary plus working hours, and now the number of fuel vehicles and their workload have decreased together.
Weng Guangen recalled: "When I was an auto repair worker, I spent 2300 yuan as an intern for a month, and the minimum salary after becoming a regular worker was 3600 yuan. The company only bought a lunch, and others like eating and living had to be paid by themselves. The highest income was due to the heavy rainstorm in Guangzhou, which sent a large number of flooded cars to be repaired. The salary of that month was more than 6000 yuan."
The meager salary and visible industry ceiling made him feel a strong sense of crisis.
A short video he stumbled upon by chance introduced him to the profession of pilots, and he made up his mind to switch to this seemingly more vibrant industry: "This profession offers decent salaries in fields such as surveying and mapping, so I want to give it a try
During the training period, Weng Guangen started studying from 9am every day until 12pm, studied from 2pm to 6pm in the afternoon, and reviewed separately in the evening, never absent from work.
In the end, he only took more than 20 days and passed all the subjects at once. He was invited by the training company to stay and work as a teaching assistant.
Prior to this, he had not told anyone that he wanted to switch industries.
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(Image/Provided by interviewee)
Weng Guang'en obtained the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) license for a medium-sized over the horizon, multi rotor civilian unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which is currently the most recognized and legally effective UAV pilot license issued by the Civil Aviation Administration.
Most students have to study for more than a month, and some have been studying for a year without daring to take the exam.
Both theory and practice are important.
Weng Guangen still remembers the first time he operated a drone, his hand kept shaking: "I was very nervous, the drone was not easy to control. Not only me, but also the people who flew down with me were shaking
The working environment and knowledge requirements of "Flying Hands" are more difficult than Weng Guang'en imagined.
Operating drones outdoors and being exposed to high temperatures in summer is common.
Pilots need to learn knowledge of meteorology, as well as theoretical knowledge such as civil aviation drone regulations and flight principles. "Small aircraft" also follow many safety regulations of large aircraft.
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(Image/Image Worm Creative)
More than 50 people who took the pilot certification exam at the same time as him, ranging from 19 years old to over 50 years old, were mostly males aged 20 to 30, with only two females.
Some of the students are majoring in drones, while others are sent by companies for training certification.
In units such as traffic police, fire department, power grid, urban management, etc., based on cost-effectiveness and familiarity with the situation, it is required that "old employees with new skills" be sent for certification and training.
In the past, highway inspections were carried out by driving a patrol vehicle on the road. Now, with drones, tasks can be completed by flying along predetermined routes at regular intervals every day.
After obtaining the pilot certificate, Weng Guang'en also submitted several resumes, but he found that many companies that recruit pilots only hire pilots with flying experience, who are only certified novices. Without any relevant experience, most companies do not want them.
Weng Guangen can only start with training, and next he hopes to obtain a drone instructor certificate.
There is career space, but there are also risks
Guangzhou Difei Drone Technology Company is one of the earliest institutions in China to organize drone pilot training.
In addition to training, the company also has related businesses such as the construction of drone training rooms and customized development of drones.
Difei is also a regular testing center for drone pilots in Guangzhou, with a monthly drone pilot driver's license exam.
According to Hu Zuhuo, the number of participants in each pilot exam ranges from 100 to 200, with an average of around 1000 pilots graduating from Difei each year.
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The students of Difei drone driving school are undergoing classroom training.
(Image/Provided by interviewee)
According to Hu Zuhuo's observation, the current drone training market is quite chaotic. Some training institutions were only established in the past two years, and in order to attract students, they exaggerate the market demand and salary benefits of pilots, creating excessive career expectations and anxiety.
In fact, the real income range of drone pilots is quite large.
Novices usually start with a monthly salary of a few thousand yuan, while skilled workers who excel in their work can earn over ten thousand yuan per month.
Hu Zuhuo emphasized that in addition to effective and compliant certification training, students also need to carefully examine whether the institution has the ability to provide some guidance for employment or entrepreneurship: "For most ordinary enterprises, drones are just a tool. Enterprises only need to train employees to obtain qualifications, and do not need to recruit a pilot specifically. It is not realistic for young people who know nothing about this industry to expect to find high paying jobs by obtaining certification
Low altitude economy is a new industrial opportunity. To maintain the healthy development of the industry, we can only strive for progress while maintaining stability, rather than tempting young people to easily join the wave.
Training institutions advertise a talent gap of one million, focusing solely on enrollment and neglecting employment. This excessive promotion can easily lead to problems.
Choosing to become a 'pilot' halfway through the 'pilot certification fever' provides him with certain career opportunities, but also carries certain risks
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(Image/exels)
In Hu Zuhuo's view, there are more and more scenes of medium-sized drones appearing this year, and air logistics is one of them.
As of June 2024, Shenzhen has built 249 low altitude takeoff and landing points and opened 207 unmanned aerial vehicle routes.
The Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission has proposed to build over 1000 low altitude aircraft takeoff and landing platforms and over 1000 flight routes by the end of 2025, achieving international advanced level of low altitude flight service guarantee.
This model will also be promoted nationwide.
Guangzhou is also about to launch a drone air logistics plan, which can transport items weighing up to 300 pounds at once.
In addition, using drones to clean photovoltaic panels, wind turbine blades, etc., are new demands.
After long-term use, the surface of photovoltaic panels is covered with dust, resulting in a decrease in their efficiency.
So it is necessary for a pilot to drive a drone to clean the photovoltaic panels, and this type of pilot needs to have a medium-sized drone driver's license.
It sounds high-tech, but it's actually a form of manual labor
There are also drone testing and drone sales that require professionals with a solid foundation, and the development of low altitude cultural tourism projects for manned aircraft is also a new growth point.
In addition, pilot projects for unmanned aerial vehicles carrying cargo and passengers will be carried out successively in various regions.
After the overall development of the industry matures, the demand for drone pilots may significantly increase.
Hu Zuhuo believes that some people over the age of 35 have verified their qualifications in order to start businesses in the low altitude economy track.
Except for some people with specific goals, he believes that under this trend, one should remain calm and make careful choices: "The risk of this profession is that things have a process of development. When people rush forward in droves, there will be an excess of labor in the market, which will form an elimination mechanism
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(Image/exels)
Nowadays, many schools have added drone majors.
Unlike drone driving schools, the drone major at schools offers a more comprehensive range of learning content.
The institution only teaches students how to drive drones and obtain certificates.
The drone major at school will provide students with comprehensive drone training on the principles of drone structure, assembly, testing, maintenance, and repair.
Hu Zuhuo believes that professional competence should come before tools.
No matter how popular drones are, they are just tools. What's more important is the use of thinking and demand scenarios: "For example, those who study agriculture and forestry can obtain a drone certificate, which can be used in crop protection drone work in the future; those who study logistics can take this certificate to cultivate basic literacy and skills for the drone low altitude logistics industry. In short, young people should regard the drone pilot certificate as a bonus skill, rather than just a livelihood tool
1. After graduation, he couldn't find a suitable job. After hearing that the flying profession has been very popular recently, he went to Hangzhou and spent nearly 20000 yuan to take the exam, hoping to switch careers.
句子成分分析：
[After graduation], he couldn't find a suitable job.
[After hearing | that the flying profession has been very popular [recently]], he went to Hangzhou and spent nearly 20000 yuan to take the exam, hoping to switch careers.
句子语法结构详解：
(went 为 go 的过去式。spent 为 spend 的过去式。couldn't = could not)
* find 为谓语。
* hearing 为动名词，作介词宾语。
* that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* been 为系动词作谓语，采用现在完成时。
* popular 为形容词作表语。
* went 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* spent 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* to take 为不定式，作状语。
* hoping 为现在分词，作状语。
* to switch 为不定式，作宾语。
* can 为情态动词。he 为人称代词主格。has 为助动词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| go to... | 去... |
Vocabulary:
| after ['ɑ:ftә] | prep. | 1) (时间、次序或位置)在...之后 2) 仅次于 |
| graduation [,grædʒu'eiʃәn] | n. | 1) （大学或美国高中的）毕业 2) 毕业典礼日 |
| find [faind] | vt. | 1) 找到，找回 2) （意外或偶然地）发现，碰到 |
| suitable ['sju:tәbl] | a. | 合适的，适宜的，适当，适用 |
| job [dʒɔb] | n. | 1) 工作，职业，职位 2) （一项）任务，（一件）工作，活儿，事情 |
| hear [hiә] | vt. | 1) 听见，听到 2) 听，注意听，倾听 |
| flying ['flaiiŋ] | a. | 会飞的， 飞行的 |
| profession [prә'feʃәn] | n. | 1) （需要专门技能的）行业，职业 2) （the profession）（某）职业界，业内人士，同行，同人 |
| very ['veri] | ad. | 1) 很, 非常 2) (用于形容词最高级或单词own之前, 表强调)真正, 十足 |
| popular ['pɔpjulә] | a. | 1) 受欢迎的, 流行的, 当红的 2) 通俗的 |
| recently ['ri:sntli] | ad. | 不久前；最近 |
| Hangzhou | n. | [中国省市] 杭州 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
| spend [spend] | vt. | 1) 花(钱, 时间) 2) 度过, 消磨 |
| nearly ['niәli] | ad. | 几乎; 差不多 |
| yuan [ju:'ɑ:n] | n. | 元(中国货币单位) |
| take [teik] | vt. | 1) 参加（考试﹑ 测验等） 2) 拿，抱, 握，取, 抓住 3) 携带, 运载 |
| exam [ig'zæm] | n. | 考试 |
| hope [hәup] | vt. | 希望，期望（某事发生） |
| switch [switʃ] | vt. | 1) 交换，掉换，转换，对调 2) 使改变，转变，突变 |
| career [kә'riә] | n. | 1) 职业，生涯 2) 事业，经历 |
句子相关学习点：
can 与 be able to 的区别 work, job 和 task 的区别 listen to 和 hear 的区别 cost, spend, take 的区别
2.He submitted his resume at sea, but it went unanswered. Chen Guolin felt somewhat helpless and said, "Don't think that obtaining certification means you have a job. Certification and employment are two different things.
句子成分分析：
He submitted his resume [at sea], || but it went unanswered.
Chen Guolin felt somewhat helpless and said," Do n't think | that obtaining certification means | you have a job.
Certification and employment are two different things.
句子语法结构详解：
(went 为 go 的过去式。felt 为 feel 的过去式。said 为 say 的过去式。don't = do not)
* submitted 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* but 为并列连词，连接并列句，表转折。
* went 为系动词作谓语，采用一般过去时。
* unanswered 为形容词作表语。
* felt 为系动词作谓语，采用一般过去时。
* helpless 为形容词作表语。
* said 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* do 开头为祈使句。
* think 为谓语。
* that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* obtaining 为动名词。
* means 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* you 开头为宾语从句，引导词 that 被省略。
* have 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* are 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* you 为人称代词。he 为人称代词主格。his 为形容词型物主代词。do 为助动词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| at sea | 1) 在海上 2) 茫然, 不知所措 |
Vocabulary:
| submit [sәb'mit] | vt. | 1) 提交，呈递（文件、建议等） 2) 顺从，屈服，投降，不得已接受 |
| resume ['rezjuːmei] | n. | 1) （求职用的）履历，简历 2) 摘要，概述，概要 |
| but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
| go [gəu] | vi. | 1) 变得，变为 2) 去, 走 |
| unanswered [,ʌn'ɑ:nsәd] | a. | 1) (提问、问题等)未回答的；未解答的；悬而未决的 2) (信函、电话等)未回复(或答复)的 |
| feel [fi:l] | vi. | 1) 感觉到 2) 给……感觉，有印象，感受到 |
| somewhat ['sʌmhwɔt] | ad. | 达到某种程度; 颇为 |
| helpless ['helplis] | a. | 1) 无自理能力的，不能自立的，无助的 2) 无法抑制的 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
| say [sei] | vi. | 1) 说，讲，告诉 2) 表达，表述 |
| think [θiŋk] | vt. | 1) 想，思考，思索，思想 2) 想，琢磨 |
| obtain [әb'tein] | vt. | （尤指经努力）获得，赢得 |
| certification [,sә:tifi'keiʃәn] | n. | 1) 证明，鉴定 2) 出具课程结业证书 |
| mean [mi:n] | vt. | 1) 意味着，产生...结果 2) 意思是, 意指 |
| have [hæv] | vt. | 1) 有，持有 2) 吃，喝, 抽(烟) 3) 患病，出现(某症状) |
| job [dʒɔb] | n. | 1) 工作，职业，职位 2) （一项）任务，（一件）工作，活儿，事情 |
| employment [im'plɔimәnt] | n. | 1) 职业，工作 2) 就业 |
| two [tu:] | num | 二 |
| different ['difәrәnt] | a. | 1) 不同的，有区别的，有差异的 2) 分别的，各别的，各种的 |
| thing [θiŋ] | n. | 1) 东西，物 2) 物件，物品，事物 |
句子相关学习点：
3.At the same time, they strongly discourage those who are eager to try: "Many companies' pilots work in power tower and inspection jobs, with salaries of only four or five thousand yuan.
句子成分分析：
[At the same time], they strongly discourage those (who are eager to try): "Many companies' pilots work [in power tower and inspection jobs], [with salaries (of only four or five thousand yuan)].
句子语法结构详解：
* discourage 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* who 为关系代词，引导定语从句。
* are 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* eager 为形容词作表语。
* to try 为不定式，作状语。
* work 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* they 为人称代词主格。those 为指示代词。companies' 为名词所有格。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| at the same time | 同时 |
| be eager to do sth | 很想... |
Vocabulary:
| strongly ['strɔŋli] | ad. | 1) 强烈地 2) 强有力地，强劲地 |
| discourage [dis'kʌridʒ] | vt. | 1) 阻拦，阻止，劝阻 2) 使灰心，使泄气，使丧失信心 |
| try [trai] | vi. | 1) 试，尝试，试试 2) 试图，想要，设法，努力 |
| many ['meni] | a. | 许多, 很多 |
| company ['kʌmpәni] | n. | 1) 公司 2) 陪伴 |
| pilot ['pailәt] | n. | 1) 飞行员，（飞行器）驾驶员 2) 领航员，引水员，领港员 |
| work [wә:k] | vi. | 1) 工作 2) 运行，运转 |
| power ['pauә] | n. | 1) 力，力量，能量 2) 控制力，影响力，操纵力 |
| tower ['tauә] | n. | 1) 塔，建筑物的塔形部分，（尤指教堂或城堡的）塔楼 2) （电视或无线电信号的）发射塔 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
| inspection [in'spekʃәn] | n. | 检查, 视察 |
| job [dʒɔb] | n. | 1) 工作，职业，职位 2) （一项）任务，（一件）工作，活儿，事情 |
| salary ['sælәri] | n. | 薪水 |
| only ['әunli] | ad. | 只; 仅; 仅仅 |
| four [fɔ:] | num | 四 |
| or [ɔ:] | conj. | 1) 或，或者，还是 2) 否则，要不然 |
| five thousand | 五千 | |
| yuan [ju:'ɑ:n] | n. | 元(中国货币单位) |
句子相关学习点：
4.The salary structure of 4S shop auto repair workers is composed of basic salary plus working hours, and now the number of fuel vehicles and their workload have decreased together.
句子成分分析：
The salary structure (of 4S shop auto repair workers) is composed of basic salary [plus working hours], || and [now] the number (of fuel vehicles and their workload) have decreased [together].
句子语法结构详解：
* is 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* composed 为形容词作表语。
* working 为动名词。
* 第1个 and 为并列连词，连接并列句。
* decreased 为谓语，采用现在完成时。
* their 为形容词型物主代词。have 为助动词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| be composed of... | 由...组成 |
Vocabulary:
| salary ['sælәri] | n. | 薪水 |
| structure ['strʌktʃә] | n. | 1) 结构，构造 2) 结构体，（尤指）建筑物 |
| shop [ʃɔp] | n. | 1) 商店 2) 工场，作坊 |
| auto ['ɔ:tәu] | n. | 汽车 |
| repair [ri'pєә] | n. | 修理，修补，修缮 |
| worker ['wә:kә] | n. | 1) 劳工，工人 2) 工作者 |
| basic | a. | 1) 基本的，基础的 2) 最简单的，初级的，初步的 |
| plus [plʌs] | prep. | 加; 加上 |
| work [wә:k] | vt. | 1) 使工作， 开动 2) 管理, 经营 |
| hour [auә] | n. | 1) 小时 2) (某个)时间,时段 |
| now [nau] | ad. | 现在, 目前 |
| number ['nʌmbә] | n. | 1) 数目,数字 2) 编号，号码, 序数 |
| fuel ['fjuәl] | n. | 燃料 |
| vehicle ['vi:ikl] | n. | 1) 交通工具，车辆 2) （赖以表达思想，感情或达到目的的）手段，工具 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
| workload ['wә:klәud] | n. | （某人或某组织的）工作量 |
| decrease [dɪ'kriːs] | vi. | （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低 |
| together [tә'geðә] | ad. | 1) 一起, 共同 2) 以使接触（或相结合）；到一起 |
句子相关学习点：
work, job 和 task 的区别 a number of 和 the number of 的区别
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