近期，知名早教机构“金宝贝”突然关闭南京多家门店，家长退费难引发关注的同时，红星资本局注意到，一则有关“职业闭店人”的讨论也成了热门话题。

在社交平台上，有消费者质疑金宝贝南京闭店背后，是由“职业闭店人”操盘。并总结了“职业闭店人”的套路：更换法定代表人、减少注册资金、搞活动促销收费、突然宣布关店。

3月26日，处理过“收尾”工作的王先生（化名）告诉红星资本局，职业闭店人早已是公开的秘密。此外，红星资本局以“教培转让”为由，在社交平台上联系到一位自称“有300家校区低成本闭店经验”的人士，对方表示，服务过不少知名机构“闭店”，可以让机构老板“安全落地”。

3月28日，红星资本局致电金宝贝南京关联公司，其电话一直处于无人接听的状态。

资料配图 图据视觉中国

金宝贝跑路引出“职业闭店人”质疑

3月19日，金宝贝南京3家门店突然同时关闭，在“致家长书”中，金宝贝运营方的解释是经营举步维艰，所以暂停教学，寻求新的资方和资金入驻。突然闭店后，不少家长都面临着转课和退费的难题。

不只是南京，从去年开始，上海、深圳多地金宝贝门店也突然关闭，引发消费者投诉。据证券时报报道，高峰期，金宝贝在上海拥有超过30家门店，门店相继关闭后，目前，金宝贝中国官网上，上海门店仅剩9家。

闭店风波引发关注的同时，社交平台上，有消费者质疑金宝贝闭店背后，是由“职业闭店人”操盘。并总结了“职业闭店人”的套路：更换法定代表人、减少注册资金、搞活动促销收费、突然宣布关店。

在上述质疑中，有消费者提出金宝贝多地闭店的动作，都与“职业闭店人”的套路类似。如据九派财经报道，金宝贝上海闭店风波后，在家长密集提起诉讼的1月份，金宝贝集团北京、上海、天津的三家子公司几乎同时更换法人。

此外，金宝贝还被指不少门店关闭前仍在促销。据现代快报，一位金宝贝南京的家长在接受采访时表示，有家长一节课都没上，闭店前夕的3月17日，销售还正常向家长推销课包。

截至目前，尚无证据表明金宝贝多地门店闭店背后由“职业闭店人”操作，但有关“职业闭店人”的讨论仍引发不少关注。

中介：

“服务”过数百家机构，

可让老板安全“落地”

“职业闭店人早已是公开的秘密”，3月26日，王先生告诉红星资本局，他曾作为公司的财务代表参与了部分加盟项目的“收尾”工作。

红星资本局以“教培转让”为由，在社交平台上联系到一位自称“有300家校区低成本闭店经验”的人士，对方表示，可以提供机构对接、学员安置、部门协调等服务，收费为债务的5%-12%。

从上述交谈中，该人士自称，2019年至今“服务”过数百家教培机构，其中不乏知名连锁品牌。甚至表示，可以让机构老板“安全落地”，提供法定代表人代持服务。

在其个人账号中，有短视频介绍闭店流程：“第一步是清算机构的未消费课时，这时候不要着急通知学员，要做足准备，第二步是联络校区周边的培训机构，以低价转让学员的未消课时，第三步是向有关部门报备，第四步是与学员进行沟通，第五步与物业沟通”，最后还表示自己有专业团队。

不止教培行业，王先生告诉红星资本局，“职业闭店”这种操作一般集中在高毛利行业 ，如美容美发、整形健身、快消加盟等，这些行业均有预付费机制。

据王先生介绍，“职业闭店”的说法其实并不准确，业内人称之为“关门狗”。他们会在在商家加盟最高峰时期就介入，接管销售业务，到大量关门前，会进行更改股权比例、更换法定代表人、转移流水等操作，甚至在真正闭店前，还会不断搞活动促销，给消费者一种营业正常的假象，再次“收割”消费者。

王先生称，“关门狗”分工很明确，前段“收”，收背债人收项目；中段“做”，销售、营销宣传、财务管理甚至法律咨询；后段有“通”，做假账、转账、甚至背债打官司等等。

律师提醒消费者辨别“职业闭店”套路

“职业闭店人的模式是游走在法律边缘”，中国互联网协会法工委副秘书长、中消协律师胡钢向红星资本局表示。

此前也有“职业闭店”的操作受到法律制裁。据中国新闻周刊报道，某东部城市医美机构在倒闭前先更换了法人代表，随后又做了一次预售。消费者在掌握前任老板和“闭店团队”之间利益往来的线索和证据后，选择向公安机关报案。随后相关部门又顺藤摸瓜，抓到了从事安全闭店的中间人及若干团伙。经查实，新换法人代表为偏远地区老者，系身份证被盗用。该案件被定性为刑事案件，医美机构前任老板以及闭店团伙均获刑。

消费者应该如何辨别“职业闭店”？胡律师和王先生均提到，消费者可以及时关注商家的经营情况，如股东是否明确、有没有相关的行政处罚和法律纠纷，近期法定代表人是否有变化等。此外，王先生也提醒，当商家的预充值、预付费优惠活动明显偏离正常情况时，就需要格外留心，不要被促销冲昏了头脑。

红星资本局注意到，3月15日，国务院颁布了《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法实施条例》（以下简称《条例》），自2024年7月1日起施行。胡律师介绍到，该条例其重点提到了预付式消费。

王先生也在设想，如遇到上述情况，消费者与商家维权成本高、难度大，再加上许多消费者充值金额不高，也很难去支撑长时间的司法途径维权。所以建议相关部门可以联合消费者权益保护协会、市场监管部门等，是否可以为消费者做集中代理诉讼。

对此，胡律师提出，目前已经有集体诉讼的方式，能够快速的、有效的、一揽子的解决涉及众多消费者要纠纷的这类案件，大幅降低消费者维权的总成本，节约司法资源，最终形成一个有序规范的市场环境。

经济日报曾在2022年11月报道过这样一个案例：2021年5月，重庆市一家艺术培训机构突然停业，且拒不退还剩余的课时费，引发上百名家长集体向有关部门反映。重庆市黔江区市、区两级消委会经过分析研判后认为，沄晗公司的实际控制人石某某涉嫌转移公司资产、恶意“卷款跑路”，可以通过支持消费者集体诉讼的方式要求该公司承担违约责任、履行退款义务。

红星新闻记者 强亚铣

编辑 杨程

新闻译文：

Recently, the well-known early childhood education institution "Jinbao" suddenly closed multiple stores in Nanjing, causing concern about the difficulty of parents refunding fees. At the same time, the Red Star Capital Bureau noticed that a discussion about "professional store closures" has also become a hot topic.

On social media platforms, some consumers question that behind the closure of Jinbao's Nanjing store, it was operated by "professional store closures". And summarized the tricks of "professional store closures": changing legal representatives, reducing registered capital, organizing promotional activities and fees, and suddenly announcing store closures.

On March 26th, Mr. Wang (pseudonym), who had handled the "closing" work, told the Red Star Capital Bureau that the occupation of store closures was already a public secret. In addition, Red Star Capital Bureau contacted a person on social media claiming to have "low-cost store closure experience in 300 campuses" under the pretext of "education and training transfer". The person stated that they have served many well-known institutions to "close stores", which can ensure the safe landing of institutional owners.

On March 28th, Red Star Capital Bureau called Jinbao Nanjing affiliated company, but their phone call remained unanswered.

Data, graphics, and visual representation of China

Jinbao's Runaway raises doubts about "professional store closures"

On March 19th, three Jinbao stores in Nanjing suddenly closed simultaneously. In the "Letter to Parents", Jinbao's operator explained that the operation was facing difficulties, so teaching was suspended and new investors and funds were sought to settle in. After the sudden closure of the store, many parents are facing the problem of transferring classes and refunding fees.

Not only in Nanjing, but also in Shanghai and Shenzhen, many Jinbao stores have suddenly closed since last year, causing consumer complaints. according to Securities Times, during peak hours, Jinbao has over 30 stores in Shanghai. After the stores were closed one after another, currently, there are only 9 stores left on Jinbao's official website in Shanghai.

At the same time as the store closure controversy has attracted attention, some consumers on social media have questioned whether behind the closure of Jinbao's store is the operation of "professional store closures". And summarized the tricks of "professional store closures": changing legal representatives, reducing registered capital, organizing promotional activities and fees, and suddenly announcing store closures.

In the above questioning, some consumers have pointed out that the actions of Jinbao closing stores in multiple locations are similar to the routine of "professional store closures". According to a report from Jiupai Finance, after the Shanghai store closure scandal of Jinbao, in January, when parents filed lawsuits, Jinbao Group's three subsidiaries in Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin almost simultaneously changed their legal entities.

In addition, it has been pointed out that many Jinbao stores were still on promotion before closing. According to modern Express, a parent of Jinbao in Nanjing said in an interview that some parents did not attend a class, and on March 17th, before the store closed, sales were still selling course packages to parents as usual.

As of now, there is no evidence to suggest that the closure of multiple Jinbao stores was carried out by "professional store closures", but discussions about "professional store closures" still attract a lot of attention.

Intermediary:

Served hundreds of institutions,

Can ensure the safety of the boss's landing

"Professional store closures have long been an open secret," Mr. Wang told the Red Star Capital Bureau on March 26th that he had participated in the "closing" of some franchise projects as the company's financial representative.

Red Star Capital Bureau contacted a person on social media claiming to have "low-cost store closure experience in 300 campuses" under the pretext of "education and training transfer". The person stated that they can provide services such as institutional docking, student placement, and departmental coordination, with a fee of 5% -12% of the debt.

From the above conversation, the person claimed to have "served" hundreds of educational and training institutions since 2019, including well-known chain brands. Even stated that institutional owners can be "safely landed" and provide legal representative holding services.

In his personal account, there is a short video introducing the closing process: "The first step is to clear the unused class hours of the clearing institution. At this time, do not rush to notify the students and make sufficient preparations. The second step is to contact training institutions around the campus to transfer the unused class hours of the students at a low price. The third step is to report to relevant departments. The fourth step is to communicate with the students. The fifth step is to communicate with the property management." Finally, he also stated that he has a professional team.

Not only in the education and training industry, Mr. Wang told the Red Star Capital Bureau that the operation of "professional store closure" is generally concentrated in high gross profit industries, such as beauty and hairdressing, plastic surgery and fitness, and fast-moving consumer goods franchise, all of which have prepaid mechanisms.

According to Mr. Wang, the statement of "professional store closure" is not accurate, and industry insiders refer to it as a "closed door dog". They will intervene during the peak period of business franchise, take over sales business, and before a large number of closures, they will carry out operations such as changing equity ratios, replacing legal representatives, and transferring revenue. Even before the actual closure of the store, they will continue to carry out promotional activities, giving consumers a false impression of normal business operations and once again "harvesting" consumers.

Mr. Wang said that the division of labor for "closing the door dog" is very clear, with the first paragraph "collecting" and the debtor collecting the project; Middle stage "doing", sales, marketing promotion, financial management, and even legal consulting; In the later stages, there are "connections", such as falsifying accounts, transferring funds, and even going to court for debt.

Lawyer reminds consumers to distinguish the "professional store closure" routine

"The mode of professional store closers is to wander on the edge of the law", Hu Gang, deputy secretary-general of the law Working Committee of China Internet association and lawyer of China Consumer Association, told Red Star Capital Bureau.

Previously, there were also cases of "professional store closures" that were subject to legal sanctions. According to China News Weekly, a medical beauty institution in an eastern city changed its legal representative before going bankrupt, and then made another pre-sale. Consumers choose to report to the public security organs after obtaining clues and evidence of the interests and interactions between their former boss and the "closed store team". Subsequently, relevant departments followed suit and arrested intermediaries and several gangs engaged in safety store closures. After investigation, it was found that the new legal representative is an elderly person from a remote area, whose ID card was stolen. The case has been classified as a criminal case, and both the former owner of a medical beauty agency and the store closure gang have been sentenced.

How should consumers distinguish "professional store closures"? Lawyer Hu and Mr. Wang both mentioned that consumers can pay timely attention to the business situation of merchants, such as whether shareholders are clear, whether there are relevant administrative penalties and legal disputes, and whether there have been recent changes in the legal representative. In addition, Mr. Wang also reminds that when the pre recharge and pre paid promotional activities of merchants deviate significantly from normal situations, they need to be extra careful not to be overwhelmed by promotions.

Red Star Capital Bureau has noticed that on March 15, the State Council issued the Implementation Regulations of the Consumer Rights protection Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations"), which will come into effect on July 1, 2024. Lawyer Hu introduced that the regulation focuses on prepaid consumption.

Mr. Wang is also imagining that in the event of the above situation, the cost and difficulty of consumer and merchant rights protection will be high, coupled with many consumers having low recharge amounts, it will be difficult to support long-term judicial channels for rights protection. So it is suggested that relevant departments can collaborate with consumer rights protection associations, market supervision departments, etc., to determine whether centralized litigation can be carried out for consumers.

Regarding this, Lawyer Hu proposed that there is currently a collective litigation method that can quickly, effectively, and comprehensively resolve cases involving numerous consumer disputes, significantly reducing the total cost of consumer rights protection, saving judicial resources, and ultimately forming an orderly and standardized market environment.

Economic Daily once reported a case in November 2022: In May 2021, an art training institution in Chongqing suddenly closed down and refused to refund the remaining class fees, causing hundreds of parents to collectively report to relevant departments. After analysis and judgment, the Qianjiang district Municipal and District Consumer Committees in Chongqing believe that the actual controller of Yunhan Company, Mr. Shi, is suspected of transferring company assets and maliciously "running away with payment". They can demand that the company assume breach of contract responsibility and fulfill refund obligations by supporting consumer class action lawsuits.

Red Star News reporter Qiang Yami

Editor Yang Cheng

重点词汇

• 退费 refund

• 红星 red star

• 注意到 have noticed ; have paid attention ; give heed to ; perceive ; notice ; observe ; alert ; conscious ; spot ; feel ; register ; cop ; clock

• 热门话题 hot topic ; hot issue

• 金宝 Jinbao ; Kampar ; Gambro

• 套路 a series of skills and trick in wushu, etc ; a series of skills and trick

• 法定代表人 legal representative

• 注册资金 registered capital

• 收尾 wind up ; end ; ending (of an article)

• 公开的秘密 an open secret

句子成分分析：

So it is suggested | that relevant departments can collaborate with consumer rights protection associations, market 

supervision departments, etc., todetermine | whether centralized litigation can be carried out [for consumers].

句子语法结构详解：

* it 为先行主语，代表后移的主语从句。
* suggested 为谓语，采用一般现在时和被动语态。
* that 引导主语从句。
* collaborate 为谓语。
* to determine 为不定式，作状语。
* whether 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* carried 为谓语，采用被动语态。
* can 为情态动词。is, be 为助动词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

[From the above conversation], the person claimed to have "served" hundreds of educational and training institutions 

[since 2019], including well-known chain brands.

句子语法结构详解：

* claimed 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* to have " served 为不定式，作宾语。该不定式采用完成时态。
* have 为助动词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

http://www.fbdict.com/milos
http://www.fbdict.com/proliferated
http://www.fbdict.com/hematocele
http://www.fbdict.com/bus stops
http://www.fbdict.com/ordines
http://www.fbdict.com/free thought
http://www.fbdict.com/punchier
http://www.fbdict.com/black-and-white
http://www.fbdict.com/udon
http://www.fbdict.com/report on
http://www.fbdict.com/set-to
http://www.fbdict.com/caucusing
http://www.fbdict.com/arillate
http://www.fbdict.com/player in
http://www.fbdict.com/desmine
http://www.fbdict.com/djinny
http://www.fbdict.com/nukes
http://www.fbdict.com/torment
http://www.fbdict.com/turn-up
http://www.fbdict.com/first sergeant

以上是秒词邦为您整理编写的文章《南京多家金宝贝门店关闭致退费难，消费者质疑背后有“职业闭店人”操盘 ——秒词邦背单词app》的全部内容。秒词邦是国内权威分题型分考点背诵中高考/四六级考研/专升本/出国单词的专业单词软件。扫描如下小程序码，进入秒词邦官方小程序获取更多英语相关资料！ 【关键词：高考单词；高考英语；高中单词；高中英语；单词app；单词软件；记单词app；记单词软件；背单词软件；背单词app；英语单词；四六级单词；四六级英语；四六级单词app；四六级单词软件；考研单词app；考研单词软件；核心单词；高考冲刺复习；高考英语教材；高考英语真题；四六级真题；四六级试题；考研真题；考研英语单词；考研英语真题】