![“纳税人不该为不坐班的公务员买单”,马斯克公布改革蓝图]()
“纳税人不该为不坐班的公务员买单”,马斯克公布改革蓝图
《参考消息》援引法新社11月20日报道,已成为美国当选总统特朗普得力助手的埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)20日详细介绍了他对美国联邦政府“激进”的改革计划,包括辞退数千名公务员、放松一切管制等。

当地时间2024年11月19日,美国得克萨斯州布朗斯维尔,美国总统当选人唐纳德·特朗普与埃隆·马斯克一起走向SpaceX星际飞船火箭发射场。视觉中国 图
报道称,马斯克与共和党前总统参选人、商人维韦克·拉马斯瓦米(Vivek Ramaswamy)在《华尔街日报》一篇共同署名的专栏文章中解释了在保守派最高法院的支持下,特朗普将如何能够削减公务员和开支,并且可能绕过掌握预算权的国会。
马斯克和拉马斯瓦米在撰文中表示,包括公共广播和国际援助在内的财政支出,以及对美国民主构成“生存威胁”的官僚主义将成为改革目标。他们表示,日前组建的“政府效率部”(“Department of government Efficiency”,下称“DOGE”)将更多地扮演顾问团体而非正式部门的角色,并准备一份特朗普可以单方面废除的监管法规清单。
至于如何筛选出可待废除的监管法律清单,二人援引了最高法院最近的两项裁决,即案和“洛珀·布莱特企业公司诉雷蒙多”案(该裁决推翻“雪佛龙原则”,该原则认为,当联邦法律的某一方面被认为是模糊不清时,联邦机构发布的合理解释应得到法院的尊重,因为“有关官员通常都是能干的人,是该主题的专家”,他们很可能是相关法律的起草人),强调DOGE可与政府机构中的法律专家合作,借助先进技术将上述裁决用于筛选政府机构制定的联邦法规,使特朗普借助行政措施暂停执行这些法规,并启动审查和撤销程序。他们表示,这将使个人和企业摆脱国会从未通过的非法法规,并刺激美国经济。
马斯克和拉马斯瓦米表示,DOGE将试图确定“一个机构履行宪法允许和法定职能所需的最低雇员数量”,建议特朗普可要求联邦政府雇员每周坐班五天。他们表示,这可能会带来“自愿解雇”的效果。“如果联邦雇员不想坐班,美国纳税人就不应该为他们在新冠疫情期间待在家里的特权买单。”二人在撰文中写道。
有分析认为,这项改革措施可能将对100多万名联邦政府工作人员构成影响。美国管理和预算办公室8月份的一份报告显示,约110万联邦文职雇员(占文职人员的46%)有资格进行一定程度的远程办公。报告称,大约22.8万名雇员(占文职人员的10%)处于远程工作状态,他们不需要定期或反复地亲自到场工作。
这两位亿万富翁还强调政府可以通过削减公共广播或计划生育联合会(提供生育健康护理的非营利组织)等“进步主义”组织的补贴,迅速减少“5000亿美元”的支出,其中包括向海外团体提供的15亿美元的年度拨款,每年向美国公共广播电视公司(PBS)和全国公共广播电台(NPR)等公共广播公司提供的5.35亿美元的财政援助,以及向计划生育联合会等进步团体提供的3亿美元的拨款。
二人写道,DOGE打算建议“采取能够立即为纳税人节省开支的精确行政行动”,以减少“几乎所有纳税人都希望杜绝的大量浪费、欺诈和滥用行为”。
马斯克和拉马斯瓦米表示,他们的使命将在2026年7月4日结束,目标是在该日期到来之前“消除DOGE存在的必要性”。
法新社报道称,马斯克在特朗普竞选期间成为其亲密盟友,花费超过1亿美元支持特朗普的竞选。当地时间19日,马斯克邀请特朗普观看SpaceX公司的火箭试飞,表明两人之间的关系日益密切。
《纽约时报》援引消息人士的话说,新一届美国内阁的人选受到马斯克的影响。虽然最终决定权在特朗普手中,但在筹备新一届内阁过程中,这位当选总统非常享受马斯克的“陪伴和洞察力”。另一方面,《纽约邮报》在报道中提到,也有人认为特朗普与马斯克的关系走得太近。有消息人士承认,马斯克的“无处不在”已让海湖庄园产生裂痕。
有分析认为,由于马斯克在美国本土以外的地区开展较为活跃的商业活动,他在特朗普政府的新职位也引发外界对“利益冲突”的担忧(主要是指员工在企业内的正式身份与其企业外部的身份或利益相关联)。
Taxpayers should not pay for non working civil servants, "Musk reveals reform blueprint
According to a report by Agence France Presse on November 20th, Elon Musk, who has become a trusted aide to US president elect Trump, detailed his "radical" reform plan for the US federal government on November 20th, including the dismissal of thousands of civil servants and the relaxation of all regulations.
On November 19, 2024, local time, in Brownsville, Texas, United States, President elect Donald Trump and Elon Musk walked together towards the SpaceX Starship Launch Site. Visual China Map
According to reports, Musk and former Republican presidential candidate and businessman Vivek Ramaswamy explained in a co authored column in The Wall Street Journal how, with the support of the conservative Supreme Court, Trump will be able to cut civil servants and spending, and possibly bypass the budget wielding Congress.
Musk and Ramaswami stated in their article that fiscal expenditures, including public broadcasting and international aid, as well as bureaucracy that poses an "existential threat" to American democracy, will be reform goals. They stated that the recently established department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) will play a more advisory role rather than an informal department, and prepare a list of regulatory regulations that Trump can unilaterally repeal.
As for how to select a list of regulatory laws that can be repealed, the two cited two recent Supreme court rulings, namely the case and the "Roper bright Enterprises v. Raimondo" case (which overturned the "Chevron principle", which holds that when a certain aspect of federal law is considered ambiguous, reasonable interpretations issued by federal agencies should be respected by the court because "relevant officials are usually capable people and experts on the subject," and they are likely the drafters of relevant laws), emphasizing that DOGE can cooperate with legal experts in government agencies to use advanced technology to screen federal regulations formulated by government agencies, so that Trump can use administrative measures to suspend the implementation of these regulations and activate them). review and revocation procedures. They stated that this will free individuals and businesses from illegal regulations never passed by Congress and stimulate the US economy.
Musk and Ramaswami stated that DOGE will attempt to determine the "minimum number of employees required for an agency to perform its constitutional and statutory functions," suggesting that Trump may require federal government employees to work five days a week. They stated that this may result in a 'voluntary termination' effect. "If federal employees do not want to work on duty, American taxpayers should not pay for their privilege of staying at home during the COVID-19 epidemic," the two wrote in their article.
Some analysts believe that this reform measure may have an impact on over one million federal government workers. A report from the Office of management and Budget in August showed that approximately 1.1 million federal civilian employees (46% of civilian staff) are eligible for some degree of remote work. The report states that approximately 228000 employees (10% of civilian staff) are working remotely and do not need to be physically present regularly or repeatedly.
These two billionaires also emphasized that the government can quickly reduce "$500 billion" in spending by cutting subsidies to "progressive" organizations such as public broadcasting or the Planned Parenthood Federation (a non-profit organization that provides reproductive health care), including $1.5 billion in annual grants to overseas groups, $535 million in annual financial aid to public broadcasting companies such as PBS and NPR, and $300 million in grants to progressive organizations such as the Planned Parenthood Federation.
The two wrote that DOGE intends to propose "precise administrative actions that can immediately save taxpayers' expenses" to reduce "the massive waste, fraud, and abuse that almost all taxpayers hope to eliminate".
Musk and Ramaswami have stated that their mission will end on July 4, 2026, with the goal of "eliminating the necessity of DOGE's existence" before that date arrives.
According to Agence France Presse, Musk became a close ally of Trump during his campaign, spending over $100 million to support his campaign. On the 19th local time, Musk invited Trump to watch SpaceX's rocket test flight, indicating the increasingly close relationship between the two.
The New York Times quoted sources as saying that the candidates for the new US cabinet are influenced by Musk. Although the final decision is in Trump's hands, the elected president greatly enjoys Musk's "companionship and insight" in preparing for the new cabinet. On the other hand, The New York Post mentioned in its report that some people believe that Trump's relationship with Musk is too close. Sources admit that Musk's "omnipresence" has caused cracks in the Mar-a-Lago estate.
Some analysts believe that due to Musk's active business activities outside of the United States, his new position in the Trump administration has also raised concerns about "conflicts of interest" (mainly referring to employees' formal identities within the company being associated with their identities or interests outside the company).
1. According to reports, Musk and former Republican presidential candidate and businessman Vivek Ramaswamy explained in a co authored column in The Wall Street Journal how, with the support of the conservative Supreme Court, Trump will be able to cut civil servants and spending, and possibly bypass the budget wielding Congress.
句子成分分析:
According to reports,
Musk and former Republican presidential candidate and businessman Vivek Ramaswamy explained [in a co] authored column [in The Wall Street Journal]
how,
[with the support (of the conservative Supreme Court)], Trump will be able to cut civil servants and spending, and [possibly] bypass the budget wielding Congress.
句子语法结构详解:
* explained 为过去分词,作后置定语。
* authored 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* be 为系动词作谓语,采用一般将来时。
* able 为形容词作表语。
* to cut 为不定式,作状语。
* bypass 为不带 to 的不定式。
* wielding 为动名词,与 congress 构成合成名词。
* will 为情态动词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
| according to | 根据,据(某人)所述 |
| Wall Street | 华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地) |
| be able to do sth | 能... |
| civil servant | (政府的)公务员,文职人员 |
Vocabulary:
| report [ri'pɔ:t] | n. | 1) 报告,汇报,记述 2) 报道 |
| musk [mʌsk] | n. | 麝香 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
| former ['fɔ:mә] | a. | 1) 以前的 2) 昔日的,前 |
| republican [ri'pʌblikәn] | a. | 1) 共和国的,共和政体的,拥护共和政体的 2) 共和党的 |
| presidential [,prezi'denʃәl] | a. | 总统制的, 总统的, 首长的, 统辖的 |
| candidate ['kændideit] | n. | 1) 候选人,申请者 2) 应试者,投考者 |
| businessman ['biznismæn] | n. | 商人, 实业家, 工商业家 |
| explain [ik'splein] | vt. | 1) 解释,说明,阐明 2) 说明(……的)原因,解释(……的)理由 |
| column ['kɔlәm] | n. | 1) (报刊的)专栏,栏目 2) 柱,纪念柱,柱形物 3) (书报的)栏,列 |
| journal ['dʒә:nәl] | n. | 1) (某学科或专业的)报纸,刊物,杂志 2) (用于报纸名)……报 |
| support [sә'pɔ:t] | n. | 1) 支持,帮助 2) 支援,救助 |
| conservative [kәn'sә:vәtiv] | a. | 1) 保守的,守旧的 2) (通常作 Conservatibe)(英国)保守党的 |
| supreme [sju'pri:m] | a. | 1) (级别或地位)最高的,至高无上的 2) (程度)很大的,最大的 |
| court [kɔ:t] | n. | 1) 法庭,法院 2) 庭院,院子 |
| trump [trʌmp] | n. | 1) (某些纸牌游戏的一张)王牌,主牌,将牌 2) (trumps)(某些纸牌游戏的)王牌花色,主牌花色 |
| cut [kʌt] | vt. | 1) 切,割,割破,划破 2) (从某物上)切下,将(某物)切开(或分割) |
| spending | n. | 开支,支出 |
| possibly ['pɔsәbli] | ad. | 1) 可能;或许 2) (强调惊奇、恼怒等) |
| bypass ['baipɑ:s] | vt. | 1) 绕过,避开 2) 不顾(规章制度),不请示 |
| budget ['bʌdʒit] | a. | (用于广告等)价格低廉的,花钱少的 |
| congress ['kɔŋgres] | n. | 1) 代表大会 2) (Congress)国会 |
句子相关学习点:
can 与 be able to 的区别
2. They stated that the recently established Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) will play a more advisory role rather than an informal department, and prepare a list of regulatory regulations that Trump can unilaterally repeal.
句子成分分析:
They stated | that the recently established Department (of Government Efficiency) (DOGE) will play a more advisory role [rather than an informal department], and prepare a list (of regulatory regulations (that Trump can unilaterally repeal)).
句子语法结构详解:
* stated 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* 第1个 that 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* established 为过去分词作定语
* play 为谓语,采用一般将来时。
* prepare 为谓语。
* 第2个 that 为关系代词,引导定语从句。
* repeal 为谓语。
* will, can 为情态动词。they 为人称代词主格。the 为定冠词。a/an 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
| rather than... | 宁愿不, 与其, 而不是 |
Vocabulary:
| state [steit] | vt. | 1) 陈述,说明,声明 2) 规定,公布 |
| recently ['ri:sntli] | ad. | 不久前;最近 |
| establish [i'stæbliʃ] | vt. | 1) 建立,创立,设立 2) 建立(尤指正式关系) |
| department [di'pɑ:tmәnt] | n. | 部门,处,系,局,司 |
| government ['gʌvәnmәnt] | n. | 1) 政府 2) 政体 |
| efficiency [i'fiʃәnsi] | n. | 1) 效能,效率 2) 提高实效的办法 |
| doge [dәudʒ] | n. | 总督 |
| play [plei] | vt. | 1) (在电影、话剧中)扮角色,扮演,表演 2) 玩,做(游戏) |
| more [mɔ:] | ad. | 1) 更加; 更甚 2) (与形容词或副词连用,构成比较级)更 |
| advisory [әd'vaizәri] | a. | 顾问的,咨询的 |
| role [rәul] | n. | 1) 职能,地位,角色 2) (演员的)角色 |
| informal [in'fɔ:mәl] | a. | 1) 非正式的;口语体的 2) 不拘礼节的;友好随便的;非正规的 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
| prepare [pri'pєә] | vt. | 1) 预备(饭菜),做(饭) 2) 使做好准备,把……预备好 |
| list [list] | n. | 1) 名单,目录,清单 2) (船)倾斜 |
| regulatory ['regjulәtәri] | a. | (对工商业)具有监管权的,监管的 |
| regulation [,regju'leiʃәn] | n. | 1) 章程,规章制度,规则,法规 2) (运用规则条例的)管理,控制 |
| trump [trʌmp] | n. | 1) (某些纸牌游戏的一张)王牌,主牌,将牌 2) (trumps)(某些纸牌游戏的)王牌花色,主牌花色 |
| repeal [ri'pi:l] | vt. | 废除,撤销,废止(法规) |
句子相关学习点:
can 与 be able to 的区别
3. They stated that this will free individuals and businesses from illegal regulations never passed by Congress and stimulate the US economy.
句子成分分析:
They stated | that this will free individuals and businesses from illegal regulations never passed [by Congress] and stimulate the US economy.
句子语法结构详解:
* stated 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* that 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* free 为谓语,采用一般将来时。
* never passed 为过去分词,作后置定语。
* stimulate 为谓语。
* will 为情态动词。they 为人称代词主格。us 为人称代词宾格。this 为指示代词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Vocabulary:
| state [steit] | vt. | 1) 陈述,说明,声明 2) 规定,公布 |
| this [θis] | pron | 这(个) |
| free [fri:] | vt. | 1) 释放,使自由 2) 解放,使摆脱 |
| individual [,indi'vidʒuәl] | n. | 1) 个人 2) 与众不同的人,有个性的人 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
| business ['biznis] | n. | 1) 商业,买卖,生意 2) 商务,公事 |
| illegal [i'li:gәl] | a. | 不合法的,非法的,违法的 |
| regulation [,regju'leiʃәn] | n. | 1) 章程,规章制度,规则,法规 2) (运用规则条例的)管理,控制 |
| never ['nevә] | ad. | 1) 从未, 不曾, 永不 2) 绝对不(要) |
| pass [pæs] | vt. | 1) 通过(考试),及格 2) 递,传递 |
| congress ['kɔŋgres] | n. | 1) 代表大会 2) (Congress)国会 |
| stimulate ['stimjuleit] | vt. | 1) 促进,激发,激励 2) 刺激,使兴奋 |
| US [ʌs] | abbr | ( = United States) 美国 |
| economy [i'kɔnәmi] | n. | 1) 经济,经济状况 2) 经济体 |
4. Some analysts believe that due to Musk's active business activities outside of the United States, his new position in the Trump administration has also raised concerns about "conflicts of interest" (mainly referring to employees' formal identities within the company being associated with their identities or interests outside the company).
句子成分分析:
Some analysts believe | that [due to Musk's active business activities (outside of the United States)], his new position (in the Trump administration) has [also] raised concerns (about "conflicts (of interest)") (mainly referring to employees' formal identities [within the company being associated with their identities or interests [outside the company]]).
句子语法结构详解:
* believe 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* that 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* raised 为谓语,采用现在完成时。
* referring 为动名词。
* being associated 为现在分词,作后置定语。该现在分词采用被动语态。
* his, their 为形容词型物主代词。has, being 为助动词。Musk's, employees' 为名词所有格。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
| due to | 由于 |
| outside of... | 1) 在...的外面, 不在...范围内 2) 除...之外 |
| the United States | 美国 |
| refer to... | 1) 提到..., 说到... 2) 查阅..., 参考... |
| associate...with... | 将...和...联系起来, 由...联想到... |
Vocabulary:
| some [sʌm] | a. | 1) 一些 2) 某一, 某个 |
| analyst ['ænәlist] | n. | 1) 分析者;化验员 2) 精神分析学家(或医生) |
| believe [bi'li:v] | vt. | 1) 相信,认为真实 2) 认为(……有可能), 把(某事)当真 |
| musk [mʌsk] | n. | 麝香 |
| active ['æktiv] | a. | 1) 积极的 2) (尤指体力上)忙碌的,活跃的 |
| business ['biznis] | n. | 1) 商业,买卖,生意 2) 商务,公事 |
| activity [æk'tiviti] | n. | 1) (兴趣、娱乐等)活动 2) 活力,活动性 |
| new [nju:] | a. | 1) 新的,刚出现的,新近推出的 2) (the new)新东西,新事物 |
| position [pә'ziʃәn] | n. | 1) 位置,方位 2) 恰当位置,正确位置 |
| trump [trʌmp] | n. | 1) (某些纸牌游戏的一张)王牌,主牌,将牌 2) (trumps)(某些纸牌游戏的)王牌花色,主牌花色 |
| administration [әd,mini'streiʃәn] | n. | 1) (企业、学校等的)管理,行政 2) 施行,执行 |
| also ['ɔ:lsәu] | ad. | 而且;此外;也;同样 |
| raise [reiz] | vt. | 1) 增加,提高(数量、水平等) 2) 提升,举起,提起 |
| concern [kәn'sә:n] | n. | 1) 关心,关爱 2) 忧虑,担心 |
| about [ә'baut] | prep. | 1) 关于, 有关(...的) 2) 在...附近 3) 在...各处 |
| conflict ['kɔnflikt] | n. | 1) 冲突,争执,争论 2) (军事)冲突,战斗 |
| interest ['intrist] | n. | 1) 兴趣,关注 2) 利息 |
| mainly ['meinli] | ad. | 1) 主要地;首要地 2) 大部分;大多 |
| employee [,emplɔi'i:] | n. | 雇员 |
| formal ['fɔ:mәl] | a. | 1) 正式的,合乎规矩的 2) (服式、言语、书写、行为等)适合正式场合的,正规的,庄重的 |
| identity [ai'dentiti] | n. | 1) 身份, 本身, 本体 2) 特征 |
| company ['kʌmpәni] | n. | 1) 公司 2) 陪伴 |
| or [ɔ:] | conj. | 1) 或,或者,还是 2) 否则,要不然 |
| outside ['aut'said] | prep. | 1) 在...外面, 向...外面 2) 超出...的范围 |
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