国家空间天气监测预警中心5月11日09时发布地磁暴红色预警：

北京时间2024年05月10日23时起发生地磁暴，最大级别达到超大地磁暴（Kp=9）水平，预计未来24小时，磁暴过程仍将持续，后续仍可能发生大地磁暴。

受地磁暴影响，我国大部分地区电离层将会出现扰动，短波通信和导航定位会受到不同程度的影响；高层大气密度显著增加，将导致低轨卫星轨道衰减加剧。

以上后续效应请相关部门关注，国家空间天气监测预警中心将密切跟踪事件发展，及时发布预报预警信息。

什么是地磁暴？

作为最典型的太阳爆发活动，一次日冕物质抛射过程能将数以亿吨计的太阳物质以数百千米每秒的高速抛离太阳表面，不光是巨大质量与速度汇聚成的动能，它们还携带着太阳强大的磁场能，一旦命中地球，就会引发地磁场方向与大小的变化，即地磁暴。

随着磁暴活动的逐渐加强，地球高层大气被不断加热，进而膨胀并扩散至更高的空间中，这给航天器在轨飞行制造了额外的阻力，产生类似拖拽的减速作用，降低航天器轨道高度，而高度的降低对应着更加稠密的大气环境，会进一步带来更大的飞行阻力，这样就形成了飞行速度减慢——高度降低——阻力更大——进一步减速——高度更快降低的恶性循环，给航天器安全造成极大的威胁。

地磁暴会对我们的生活

产生哪些影响？

极光

在地球上，地磁暴带来的最直观影响就是极光。当地磁暴发生时，地磁中的带电粒子会沿着磁力线进入地球的大气层中，导致大气层分子与原子之间碰撞激发产生荧光，也就是我们常说的极光。

高能粒子流冲击大气+扰动磁场，导航、卫星受影响

地磁暴代表着地球受到冲击，从而引发磁场变化，因此，磁极附近的高纬度区域地面会因为磁场的快速变化进一步激发感应电流，并对当地电网等产生一定影响。高纬度区域地磁导航、卫星导航和低频无线电波导航等也会受到明显干扰。

此外，高能粒子流和地磁扰动同样对空间站、卫星的电气元件工作、飞行姿态等产生影响。甚至对于部分低轨道航天器而言，地磁扰动会引起大气密度变化、大气阻力增加，使得轨道高度下降，影响卫星寿命。

扰乱判断 这些动物可能会“迷路”

地磁暴这种强烈的地磁活动可能会影响动物的迁徙和导航能力，比如信鸽、海龟这类靠地磁场来感应方向的动物。当磁场发生紊乱时，就会导致它们的行进、迁移路线发生改变。

影响电力系统

磁场扰动会产生电流，这种电流被称为感生电流。感生电流在长距离的输电网络里会形成相对较大的电流，可能会对变压器产生影响。

地磁暴会影响人体健康吗？

事实上，地磁暴对人体健康不会产生显著影响。地球磁场是一个保护层，有了地球磁场，太阳活动就不会直接作用于地球表面，很多能量和物质都被磁场挡住了。

还有，针对植入心血管疾病患者的心脏起搏器，目前没有研究表明地磁暴会影响起搏器的正常使用，此前也没有遇到过地磁暴影响医疗设备导致其发生故障或者数据误差的问题。

综合：湖北发布、@国家预警发布、人民日报、浙江新闻

来源：湖北发布

新闻译文：

The National Space Weather Monitoring and Warning center issued a red geomagnetic storm warning at 09:00 on May 11th:

A geomagnetic storm will occur at 23:00 Beijing time on May 10, 2024, with the maximum level reaching the level of a super geomagnetic storm (Kp=9). It is expected that the geomagnetic storm process will continue in the next 24 hours, and there may still be geomagnetic storms in the future.

Affected by geomagnetic storms, the ionosphere in most areas of China will experience disturbances, and shortwave communication and navigation positioning will be affected to varying degrees; The significant increase in atmospheric density in the upper atmosphere will lead to intensified attenuation of low orbit satellite orbits.

Please pay attention to the follow-up effects mentioned above. The National Space Weather Monitoring and Warning Center will closely monitor the development of the event and timely release forecast and warning information.

What is a geomagnetic storm?

As the most typical solar eruption activity, a coronal mass ejection process can eject billions of tons of solar material from the surface of the sun at a speed of hundreds of kilometers per second. It is not only the kinetic energy formed by the convergence of massive mass and velocity, but also carries the powerful magnetic field energy of the sun. Once it hits Earth, it will trigger changes in the direction and size of the geomagnetic field, known as geomagnetic storms.

As the magnetic storm activity gradually intensifies, the upper atmosphere of the Earth is continuously heated, expanding and spreading to higher space, creating additional resistance for spacecraft in orbit, creating a drag like deceleration effect that lowers the spacecraft's orbital altitude. The decrease in altitude corresponds to a denser atmospheric environment, which further brings greater flight resistance. This creates a vicious cycle of slowing down flight speed, decreasing altitude, increasing resistance, further slowing down, and decreasing altitude faster, posing a great threat to spacecraft safety.

Geomagnetic storms can have an impact on our lives

What are the impacts?

aurora

The most direct impact of geomagnetic storms on Earth is auroras. When a local magnetic storm occurs, charged particles in the geomagnetic field will enter the Earth's atmosphere along the magnetic field lines, causing collisions between atmospheric molecules and atoms to excite fluorescence, which is commonly known as aurora.

High energy particle flow impacts the atmosphere and perturbs the magnetic field, affecting navigation and satellites

A geomagnetic storm represents an impact on the Earth, causing changes in the magnetic field. Therefore, the ground in high latitude areas near the magnetic poles will further stimulate induced currents due to the rapid changes in the magnetic field, and have a certain impact on the local power grid. High latitude geomagnetic navigation, satellite navigation, and low-frequency radio wave navigation can also be significantly affected by interference.

In addition, high-energy particle flows and geomagnetic disturbances also have an impact on the electrical components and flight attitude of space stations and satellites. Even for some low orbit spacecraft, geomagnetic disturbances can cause changes in atmospheric density, increase atmospheric resistance, decrease orbital altitude, and affect satellite lifespan.

Disrupting the judgment that these animals may "get lost"

The strong geomagnetic activity of geomagnetic storms may affect the migration and navigation abilities of animals, such as pigeons and turtles, which rely on the geomagnetic field to sense direction. When the magnetic field is disrupted, it will cause a change in their path of travel and migration.

Impact on the power system

Magnetic field disturbance generates current, which is called induced current. Induced current can generate relatively large currents in long-distance transmission networks, which may have an impact on transformers.

Will geomagnetic storms affect human health?

In fact, geomagnetic storms do not have a significant impact on human health. The Earth's magnetic field is a protective layer. With the Earth's magnetic field, solar activity will not directly affect the Earth's surface, and a lot of energy and matter will be blocked by the magnetic field.

Furthermore, there is currently no research indicating that geomagnetic storms can affect the normal use of pacemakers implanted in patients with cardiovascular diseases. There have also been no previous cases of geomagnetic storms affecting medical equipment and causing malfunctions or data errors.

Comprehensive: Hubei Release, @ National Warning Release, People's Daily, Zhejiang News

Source: Hubei Release

重点词汇

• 地磁暴 geomagnetic storm (caused by sunspots)

• 北京时间 Beijing Time ; Beijing standard time

• 磁暴 magnetic storm

• 短波通信 short-wave (high frequency) communication

• 不同程度 varying degree ; Different levels

• 高层大气 upper atmosphere

• 卫星轨道 Satellite orbit ; Orbits of Satellite ; GSO

• 相关部门 Related department ; departments concerned ; relevant department

• 什么是 what is

• 太阳爆发 solar eruption

句子成分分析：

The strong geomagnetic activity (of geomagnetic storms) may affect the migration and navigation abilities (of 

animals), such as pigeons and turtles, (which rely on the geomagnetic field to sense direction).

句子语法结构详解：

* affect 为谓语。
* which 为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。
* rely 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* to sense 为不定式，作状语。
* may 为情态动词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Induced current can generate relatively large currents [in long-distance transmission networks, (which may have 

an impact [on transformers])].

句子语法结构详解：

* generate 为谓语。
* which 为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。
* have 为谓语。
* can, may 为情态动词。an 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Vocabulary:

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