
Jeremy Kerr, a researcher at the University of Ottawa in Canada, and his colleagues analyzed more than 400,000 observations of bumblebee species collected in North America and Europe from 1975 to 2010. When the researchers recorded the locations of these bee populations, they found that many of the 67 species analyzed were moving northward from their southern limits while the northern edges of the bees’ ranges are staying in place. What it results in is obvious.
Bees have been paid more attention to in recent years, with populations of honeybees and bumblebees obviously declining in some parts of Europe. Previously, attention on the decline of bee populations has focused on causes including habitat loss, pesticide use and the spread of bee parasites(寄生虫). But the work by Kerr’s team found something different.
"For every species, there is one or two species declining and others that are not moving at all," says Kerr. This shift has also been observed in other species, such as butterflies. But due to a new cause — the rise of temperatures instead of total pesticide use, a change in land use or parasites, bumblebees — unlike butterflies — have failed to extend the northern boundaries of their ranges into the territory that is now habitable for them, so bumblebee species across Europe and North America are declining rapidly, the latest study led by Kerr’s team finds."Our data suggest that the new factor plays a leading, or perhaps the leading, role in this trend," says Kerr.
"This study shows that a fourth factor is also beginning to affect it. It is likely that the combined stresses from all of these pressures will have destructive impacts on bumblebees in the not-too-distant future," says Dave Goulson, a bee researcher at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Exactly what can be done to help bumblebees is not clear. Kerr’s team suggests that relocating colonies might be an answer but Goulson says that because the insects are mobile they are capable of moving northwards if there is suitable habitat available.
加拿大渥太华大学的研究员Jeremy Kerr和他的同事分析了1975年至2010年在北美和欧洲收集的40多万个大黄蜂物种的观测结果。当研究人员记录这些蜜蜂种群的位置时,他们发现所分析的67个物种中,许多正在从其南部边界向北移动,而蜜蜂活动范围的北部边缘仍在原地。结果是显而易见的。
近年来,蜜蜂越来越受到关注,欧洲一些地区的蜜蜂和大黄蜂数量明显减少。此前,人们对蜜蜂数量下降的关注集中在栖息地丧失、杀虫剂使用和蜜蜂寄生虫传播等原因上(寄生虫). 但克尔团队的工作发现了一些不同之处。
克尔说:“对于每个物种来说,都有一两个物种在衰退,而其他物种则根本不动。”。这种变化也在其他物种中观察到,比如蝴蝶。但克尔团队领导的最新研究发现,由于一个新的原因——气温上升而不是杀虫剂的总使用量,土地使用或寄生虫的变化,大黄蜂与蝴蝶不同,未能将其活动范围的北部边界延伸到现在适合它们居住的地区,因此欧洲和北美的大黄蜂物种正在迅速减少。Kerr说:“我们的数据表明,新因素在这一趋势中起着主导作用,或者可能是主导作用。”。
英国布莱顿苏塞克斯大学的蜜蜂研究员Dave Goulson说:“这项研究表明,第四个因素也开始影响它。在不远的将来,所有这些压力的综合压力很可能会对大黄蜂产生破坏性影响。”。
究竟能做些什么来帮助大黄蜂还不清楚。克尔的团队认为,重新安置群落可能是一个答案,但古尔森说,由于昆虫是流动的,如果有合适的栖息地,它们能够向北移动。
句子成分分析:
What it results in| is obvious.Bees have been paid more attention to [in recent years],
[with populations (of honeybees and bumblebees) obviously declining [in some parts (of Europe)]].
句子语法结构详解:
(paid 为 pay 的过去分词。)
* what 为关系代词,引导主语从句。
* results 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* obvious 为形容词作表语。
* paid 为谓语,采用现在完成时和被动语态。
* obviously declining 为现在分词,构成“with + n. + 现在分词”复合宾语结构。
* have, been 为助动词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
result in... | 导致..., 造成... |
pay attention to... | 注意, 留心 |
in recent year | 近年 |
Vocabulary:
obvious ['ɔbviәs] | a. | 1) 明显的,显然的,易理解的 2) 公认的,当然的 |
bee [bi:] | n. | 1) 蜜蜂 2) (集工作、竞赛、娱乐为一体的)聚会 |
more [mɔ:] | a. | 更多 |
population [,pɔpju'leiʃәn] | n. | 1) (地区、国家等的)人口,人口数量 2) (统称)某领域的生物,族群 |
honeybee ['hʌnibi:] | n. | 蜜蜂 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
bumblebee | n. | 熊蜂;大黄蜂 |
obviously | ad. | 1) (用于陈述认为别人已知道或希望别人同意的事)显然,明显地 2) (用于说明某种情况或事实)显而易见,明显,不言而喻 |
decline [di'klain] | vi. | 1) 减少,下降,衰弱,衰退 2) 谢绝,婉言拒绝 |
some [sʌm] | a. | 1) 一些 2) 某一, 某个 |
part [pɑ:t] | n. | 1) 部分 2) 部件,零件 3) 角色,台词 |
Europe ['juәrәp] | n. | 欧洲 |
句子成分分析:
It is likely | that the combined stresses (from all (of these pressures)) will have destructive impacts
[on bumblebees] [in the not-too-distant future],
句子语法结构详解:
* it 为先行主语,代表后移的主语从句。
* is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* likely 为形容词作表语。
* that 引导主语从句。
* combined 为过去分词作定语
* have 为谓语,采用一般将来时。
* will 为情态动词。all 为不定代词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Vocabulary:
likely ['laikli] | a. | 1) 可能的,预料的,有希望的 2) 似乎合适的,仿佛恰当的 |
combine [kәm'bain] | vt. | 1) 使结合,组合,联合,混合 2) 兼有,兼备,使融合(或并存) |
stress [stres] | n. | 1) 心理负担,压力,紧张 2) 强调,重视 3) 重读,重音 |
all [ɔ:l] | pron | 全部, 全数, 一切 |
these [ði:z] | a. | 这些 |
pressure ['preʃә] | n. | 1) 压力,挤压 2) 压力,压强 |
have [hæv] | vt. | 1) 有,持有 2) 吃,喝, 抽(烟) 3) 患病,出现(某症状) |
destructive [di'strʌktiv] | a. | 破坏的,毁灭的,毁灭性的 |
impact ['impækt] | n. | 1) 撞击,冲撞,冲击力 2) 巨大影响,强大作用 |
bumblebee | n. | 熊蜂;大黄蜂 |
future ['fju:tʃә] | n. | 1) [语法]将来式 2) 未来 |
句子成分分析:
Kerr's team suggests | that relocating colonies might be an answer || but Goulson says | that because the insects are mobile || they are capable of moving [northwards] || if there is suitable habitat (available).
句子语法结构详解:
* suggests 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* 第1个 that 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* relocating 为现在分词作定语
* be 为系动词作谓语。
* but 为并列连词,连接并列句,表转折。
* says 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* 第2个 that 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* because 为连词,引导原因状语从句。
* 第1个 are 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* mobile 为形容词作表语。
* they 开头为陈述句。
* 第2个 are 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* capable 为形容词作表语。
* moving 为动名词,作介词宾语。
* if 为连词,引导条件状语从句。
* there 引导 there be ... 句型, 表示“有”的意思。
* is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* available 为形容词作后置定语
* may 为情态动词。they 为人称代词主格。Kerr's 为名词所有格。the 为定冠词。an 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
be capable of... | 能够..., 有能力... |
Vocabulary:
team [ti:m] | n. | 1) (游戏或运动的)队 2) (一起工作的)组,班 |
suggest [sәg'dʒest] | vt. | 1) 建议,提议 2) 推荐,举荐 |
colony ['kɔlәni] | n. | 1) 殖民地 2) 殖民地定居者 |
answer ['ɑ:nsә] | n. | 1) (试题、练习等的)答案,正确答案 2) 答复,回答 |
but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
say [sei] | vt. | 1) 说,讲,告诉 2) 比方说,假设 |
because [bi'kɔ:z] | conj. | 因为 |
insect ['insekt] | n. | 昆虫 |
mobile ['mәubil] | a. | 1) 易于变换社会阶层(或工作、住处)的,流动的 2) 非固定的,可移动的 |
move [mu:v] | vi. | 1) 改变位置,移动 2) 改变,转变 |
northwards | ad. | 向北;朝北 |
if [if] | conj. | 1) 如果, 倘若 2) 是否 |
suitable ['sju:tәbl] | a. | 合适的,适宜的,适当,适用 |
habitat ['hæbitæt] | n. | (动植物的)生活环境,栖息地 |
available [ә'veilәbl] | a. | 1) 可获得, 可购的, 可找到 2) 有空的, 有时间的 |
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