亚马逊的持续干旱正在威胁整个亚马逊河流域

内容原文：

A drought is endangering communities in the Amazon, a large rainforest in South America.

Public officials in Brazil are attempting to transport food and water to thousands of distant communities. The situation is more complex as the area has few roads. Boats are the main transportation to these communities.

Across the huge Amazonas state 59 out of its 62 municipalities are under a state of emergency. About 633,000 people are affected. In the capital Manaus, the large Negro river is at its lowest level since official measurements began 121 years ago. The Negro flows into the Amazon River.

A resident of a riverside community carries a container of drinking water from an aid distribution due to the ongoing drought in Careiro da Varzea, Amazonas state, Brazil on October 24, 2023.(AP Photo/Edmar Barros)
A resident of a riverside community carries a container of drinking water from an aid distribution due to the ongoing drought in Careiro da Varzea, Amazonas state, Brazil on October 24, 2023.(AP Photo/Edmar Barros)
The city of Careiro da Varzea is in great need. It lies by the Amazon River not far from Manaus. Recently, the municipality gave out emergency supplies. The city used a boat that normally transports farm animals.

The Associated press joined on transport operations to two communities.

Each family received a basic food supply and 20 liters of water. It was enough for just a few days, but difficult to carry in the heat.

"I will have to carry the food package on my back for half an hour," Moisés Batista de Souza told the AP. He owns a small farm in Sao Lazaro community. He said the biggest problem is getting drinkable water. He has to walk a long way for that, he says.

"Everybody in Careiro da Varzea has been affected by the drought," said Jean Costa de Souza. He is chief of Civil Defense of Careiro da Varzea, a municipality of 19,600 people. Most of them live in rural areas.

"Unfortunately, people don't have water. Some lost their crops, while others couldn't transport their output," he said.

Costa de Souza reported also that the municipality will complete the first transports to all rural communities next week. The local government is now planning two more transports. They are waiting for state and federal aid.

Periods of dry weather are part of the Amazon's usual weather pattern. Lighter rainfall happens from May to October for most of the rainforest.

This year's dry season is longer because of two different weather events: the warming of northern Equatorial Atlantic Ocean waters and El Nino. El Nino is the warming of surface waters in the Equatorial Pacific area. It will be at its strongest point between December and January.

I'm Gregory Stachel.

Edmar Barros reported this story for The Associated Press. Gregory Stachel adapted the story for VOA Learning English.

翻译结果：

一场干旱正危及南美洲亚马逊雨林的社区。

巴西政府官员正试图向数千个偏远社区运送食物和水。 由于该地区几乎没有道路，情况更加复杂。 船只是前往这些社区的主要交通工具。

在辽阔的亚马逊州，62个城市中有59个处于紧急状态。 大约63.3万人受到影响。 在首都玛瑙斯，内格罗河的水位处于121年前官方开始测量以来的最低水平。 黑人河流入亚马逊河。

2023年10月24日，巴西亚马孙州卡雷罗达瓦尔泽亚，河边社区的一名居民拿着一箱饮用水，这是由于持续的干旱而从援助分发品中获得的。 (美联社图片/Edmar Barros)
2023年10月24日，巴西亚马孙州卡雷罗达瓦尔泽亚，河边社区的一名居民拿着一箱饮用水，这是由于持续的干旱而从援助分发品中获得的。 (美联社图片/Edmar Barros)
卡雷罗达瓦尔泽亚市急需援助。 它位于亚马逊河边，离玛瑙斯不远。 最近，市政当局发放了应急物资。 市政府使用了一艘通常用来运送农场动物的船。

美联社参与了两个社区的运输工作。

每个家庭都得到了基本的食物供应和20升水。 这些东西只够用几天，但在炎热的天气里很难携带。

在圣拉萨罗社区拥有一个小农场的莫伊斯·巴蒂斯塔·德·索萨对美联社说:“我必须背着这个食品包半个小时。” 他说，最大的问题是获得饮用水。 他说，他必须走很长的路才能做到这一点。

“Careiro da Varzea的每个人都受到了干旱的影响，”Jean Costa de Souza说。 他是卡雷罗达瓦尔泽亚市民防部门的负责人，这个城市有1.96万人口。 他们大多数住在农村地区。

“不幸的是，人们没有水。 一些人失去了庄稼，而另一些人无法运输他们的产出。”

Costa de Souza还报道说，市政府将于下周完成对所有农村社区的首批运输。 当地政府正在计划另外两种运输方式。 他们正在等待州政府和联邦政府的援助。

干旱的天气是亚马逊地区通常天气模式的一部分。 5月到10月，大部分雨林都有少量降雨。

今年的旱季更长是因为两种不同的天气事件:北赤道大西洋海水的变暖和厄尔尼诺现象。 厄尔尼诺现象是赤道太平洋地区地表水变暖的现象。 它将在12月到1月之间达到最强。

我是Gregory Stachel。

埃德玛·巴罗斯为美联社报道。 Gregory Stachel为美国之音慢速英语改编了这个故事。

重点词汇：

South America 南美洲
thousands of 成千上万 ; 几千
more complex 复杂的 ; 复合的 ; 难懂的 ; 费解的 ; complex的比较级
transportation to 运输至 ; 装运至 ; 货物发送的最终地
out of 离开；从…里面 ; 从…的状态中
a state of 以…的状态 ; 脏东西 ; 意志之国
years ago 多年前
Amazon River 亚马逊河 ; 亚马孙河 ; 南美洲的亚马逊河
drinking water 饮用水
due to 由于 ; 由于，因为

句子成分分析第1句：

Lighter rainfall happens from May to October for most of the rainforest

句子语法结构详解：

(lighter 为 light 的比较级形式)
 happens 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
 the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析第2句：

Some lost their crops, while others couldn't transport their output," he said

句子语法结构详解：

(lost 为 lose 的过去式。said 为 say 的过去式。couldn't = could not)
 lost 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
 while 为连词，引导状语从句。
 transport 为谓语。
 said 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
 can 为情态动词。he 为人称代词主格。their 为形容词型物主代词。some, other 为不定代词。

句子相关学习点：

all, some, any, more, most, enough, half 作主语时的主谓一致。

all, some, any, more, most, enough, half 作主语时，有可能表示复数意义，也有可能表示单数意义。如果表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数。 如果表示单数意义， 则谓语动词用单数。

* All have arrived on time except Tom. 除了汤姆外， 所有人都按时到达了。
* All is ready except the opening speech. 除了开幕词外，所有一切都准备就绪。

* Most students are in California, but some are sent to Texas. 大多数学生留在加利福尼亚州, 但有一些去了德克萨斯州。
* Most of the scene is written in verse, but some is in prose. 这场戏大部分内容是用韵文写成的,但也有一些是散文形式的。

as, when, while 的区别

when, while, as 都可以引导时间状语从句。当它们引导时间状语从句时的区别如下：

1) when 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间性动词。
When she came in, I was eating. 她进来时，我在吃饭。（瞬间性动词）
When I lived in the countryside, I used to help him carry some water. 住在农村时，我常常帮他担水。(延续性动词)

when 还可以表示“就在那时”之意，如：
We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开， 就在那时他进来了。

2) while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。瞬间性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句中，而宜用于 when 或 as 引导的时间状语从句中。这是因为while表示的是一段较长的时间或过程。

误: Please look after my little dog while we left.
正: Please look after my little dog while we are away. 我们外出时，请照顾我的小狗。

误: While I came home she was cooking dinner.
正: When I came home she was cooking dinner. 当我到家时，她在做饭。

3) as 表示主句与从句动作同时发生，常有 “一边(做某事)一边(做某事)”的意思。
I watched her as she combed her hair. 她梳头的时侯我一直看着她。
He sat watching her as she got ready. 他一直坐着看她准备停当。

as 可以表示“随着(时间的推移)”的意思。
As she grew older she gained in confidence. 随着年龄的增长她的信心增强了。

can 与 be able to 的区别

be able to 与 can 在表示“能”, “能够” 的意思时，通常情况下可以通用。 但 be able to 在以下方面与 can 有一些区别。

1） 意思上be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。
* She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。
* He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too. 几小时之后，他也能用英语唱这首歌。

2）can可用于表示可能，推测，允许等，而be able to不这样用。
* Anyone can make mistakes. 人人都可能犯错误。
* You can keep the book until next Sunday. 这本书你可以用到下星期天。
* Can it be true? This can't be true. 这可能是真的吗? 这不会是真的。

3）be able to 在用法上比can 更加多变灵活。

a) can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态, 而be able to 可以使用许多时态。
* I could help you last night, but you didn’t come. 昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。
* Can you see it there? 你能看见它在那儿吗？

* He will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙。
* He was not able to do the new job. 他不能做新工作。
* He had not been able to complete the job. 他无法完成工作。

b) be able to 前可有其它情态动词。
* He may not be able to come. 他或许不能来。

c) be able to 有非限定形式（即可以用作非谓语动词）。
* They seem to be able to give up his bad habits. 他好像能改掉坏习惯。
* A good teacher has to be able to be patient with students. 一位好教师必须对学生有耐心。

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