知识扩展
易混词辨析
smear、spread、stain
1. smear：动词 “涂抹；诽谤；弄脏”/ 名词 “污点；诽谤；涂片”（搭配 “smear butter on bread；smear sb’s reputation；blood smear”）；
2. spread：动词 “传播；涂抹（泛用，侧重 “均匀扩散”）”，近义差异（“spread jam on toast”（在吐司上涂果酱） vs “smear jam on toast”（在吐司上抹果酱，更随意））；
3. stain：名词 “污点；污渍（侧重 “难以去除的痕迹”）”，近义差异（“oil stain”（油渍） vs “oil smear”（油迹，易去除））；
4. 高频错拼 “smear” 漏 “r”（误写 “smea”）；
5. 搭配误区：“smear sb as”（正确，“诽谤某人是……”，如 “smear him as a liar”（诽谤他是骗子）），易误写 “defame sb as”（也可，但 “smear” 更侧重 “恶意抹黑”）。
词语辨析
mark stain streak speck blot smear spot These are all words for a small area of dirt or another substance on a surface. 以上各词均指污点、斑点、污迹。 mark a small area of dirt or other substance on the surface of sth, especially one that spoils its appearance 指污点、污迹、斑点： The kids left dirty marks all over the kitchen floor. 孩子们把厨房的地板弄得污迹斑斑。 stain a dirty mark on sth that is difficult to remove, especially one made by a liquid 指污点、污渍： blood stains 血迹 streak a long thin mark or line that is a different colour from the surface it is on 指条纹、条痕： She had streaks of grey in her hair. 她头上已是白发。 speck a very small mark, spot or piece of a substance on sth 指小点、污点： There isn't a speck of dust anywhere in the house. 整间房子一尘不染。 blot a spot or dirty mark left on sth by a substance such as ink or paint being dropped on a surface 指污点、墨渍 smear a mark made by sth such as oil or paint being spread or rubbed on a surface 指污迹、油渍、污渍、污点 spot a small dirty mark on sth 指污迹、污渍、污点： There were grease spots all over the walls. 四周的墙上满是油渍。 常用搭配 a streak / speck / blot / smear / spot of sth a dirty mark / stain / streak / speck / smear / spot an ink mark / stain / blot / spot a(n) oil / grease / paint mark / stain / spot to leave a mark / stain / streak / speck / blot / smear / spot to get a mark / stain / spot out of sth
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