第一批放弃留学的博士 卷出求职新高度
第一批放弃留学的博士 卷出求职新高度
本报记者 索寒雪 北京报道
2024年12月14日，3000多名博士齐聚北大博雅国际酒店的中华厅与学堂厅，参加“百所经院人才招聘会”。来自全国148所高校和科研机构的招聘单位负责人云集于此，求贤若渴。
《中国经营报》记者在现场看到，北京和山东的高校招聘展区最受青睐，有些展位前甚至排起了长队。求职的博士们大多将目标锁定在高校讲师岗位上。然而，这些岗位的竞争激烈，高校对教职的要求也日益提高。
辅导员岗位也要求博士学位
“我们现在连招聘辅导员也要求是博士。”一位沿海省份高校的招聘负责人告诉记者。多名高校招聘工作人员表示，疫情后，高校的招聘门槛明显提高。
山东理工大学经济学院的招聘负责人向记者透露：“这两年，招聘博士的条件忽然提高了。”他进一步解释：“确切地说，是水涨船高。来应聘的学生越来越优秀。”
他分析指出，以往一些毕业生会选择出国留学，但随着海外环境的变化，越来越多的学生选择留在国内继续深造。清华、北大等头部高校的优秀学生纷纷选择在国内攻读研究生，导致博士生源竞争加剧。
数据显示，从2018年至2023年，博士招生规模从9.55万人增长至15.33万人，是1999年的8倍。应届博士毕业生数量也从2018年的6.07万人增长到2024年的预计12.58万人。
除了在高校从事科研工作，进入企业也是博士毕业生的重要选择。然而，近年来企业需求有所减少，促使博士们更倾向于选择高校就职。
教育部数据显示，全国普通高校专任教师数量在5年内从2017年的163.32万人增长到2022年的200.52万人。
某高校招聘负责人提到：“我们学校去年招了5名教师，今年因离退休人数增加，计划招聘10名教师。”他还表示，一些山东学生倾向于回老家就业。
高校和科研机构为博士生提供了相对稳定的职业环境及持续的学术研究机会，但随着博士招生规模扩大，学术岗位竞争日趋激烈。
“我们不仅看学生发表的文章，还要关注他们导师的研究方向。”一位招聘负责人透露。
据了解，一些高校要求应聘者在国内外权威期刊上发表一定数量的论文，并需被SCI（科学引文索引）、SSCI（社会科学引文索引）等数据库收录。此外，论文引用次数、影响因子等也是重要评价指标。
不被房价“绑架”
随着高等教育普及和博士招生规模扩大，博士学位不再是稀缺资源。博士生不仅要面对同龄人的竞争，还需与拥有丰富经验的职场人士竞争。
一位即将从中国地质大学毕业的博士生向记者分享了他的就业压力：“现在不仅要求文章质量高，数量也要多，考核标准愈发严格。”
他更倾向于回家乡浙江或福建的高校任教，“这样生存压力相对较小，房价不高，但就业压力依然很大”。
对于薪资，他表示主要取决于学校提供的条件及课题奖励。他还提到，高校中的“非升即走”制度带来的压力较大，普通一本高校可能相对宽松。
吉林大学招聘负责人表示，作为985高校，对学历和科研成果要求更高。吉林大学要求新入职博士在6年内达到副教授标准。
他认为，尽管东北地区就业环境常被唱衰，但长春作为东北亚中心城市，基础设施完善，绿化优美，仍对博士有一定吸引力。
“我们虽无法解决住房问题，但提供了周转房，且长春房价相对较低，有些地方每平方米仅几千元，与北京不可同日而语。”吉林大学招聘负责人补充道。
北京一所高校经济学院院长表示：“我们希望博士们多关注我们学校。我们可以为年轻教师提供1000套公租房，这叫筑巢引凤。”
The first batch of doctoral students who gave up studying abroad have reached a new height in their job search
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Our reporter Suo Hanxue reports from Beijing
On December 14, 2024, over 3000 PhDs gathered at the China Hall and School Hall of Peking University Boya International Hotel to participate in the "Hundred Schools of Economics talent Recruitment Fair".
Recruiting unit leaders from 148 universities and research institutions across the country gather here, eagerly seeking talents.
The reporter from China Business News saw on site that the recruitment exhibition areas of universities in Beijing and Shandong were the most popular, and some booths even had long queues in front of them.
Most PhD candidates seeking employment have set their sights on the position of university lecturer.
However, the competition for these positions is fierce, and the requirements for teaching positions in universities are also increasing day by day.
The position of counselor also requires a doctoral degree
We now even require a PhD to recruit counselors, "a recruitment manager from a coastal province's university told reporters.
Several university recruitment staff have stated that after the epidemic, the recruitment threshold for universities has significantly increased.
The recruitment manager of the School of Economics at Shandong University of Technology revealed to reporters, "In the past two years, the requirements for recruiting PhDs have suddenly increased." He further explained, "To be precise, the situation has skyrocketed. The students who come to apply are becoming increasingly excellent
He analyzed that in the past, some graduates would choose to study abroad, but with the changing overseas environment, more and more students choose to stay in China to continue their studies.
Excellent students from top universities such as Tsinghua University and Peking University have chosen to pursue graduate studies in China, leading to intensified competition for doctoral students.
Data shows that from 2018 to 2023, the number of doctoral admissions has increased from 95500 to 153300, eight times that of 1999.
The number of fresh doctoral graduates has also increased from 60700 in 2018 to an estimated 125800 in 2024.
In addition to engaging in scientific research work in universities, entering enterprises is also an important choice for doctoral graduates.
However, in recent years, there has been a decrease in demand from enterprises, which has led to a greater tendency for PhDs to choose to work in universities.
According to data from the Ministry of Education, the number of full-time teachers in ordinary universities across the country has increased from 1.6332 million in 2017 to 2.0052 million in 2022 within five years.
The recruitment director of a university mentioned: "Our school recruited 5 teachers last year, and this year, due to the increase in the number of retirees, it plans to recruit 10 teachers." He also said that some Shandong students tend to return to their hometown for employment.
Universities and research institutions provide relatively stable career environments and continuous academic research opportunities for doctoral students, but with the expansion of doctoral enrollment, competition for academic positions is becoming increasingly fierce.
We not only look at the articles published by students, but also pay attention to the research directions of their supervisors, "revealed a recruitment manager.
It is understood that some universities require applicants to publish a certain number of papers in authoritative domestic and foreign journals, and to be included in databases such as SCI (Science Citation Index) and SSCI (Social Science Citation Index).
In addition, the number of citations and influencing factors of the paper are also important evaluation indicators.
Not being 'kidnapped' by housing prices
With the popularization of higher education and the expansion of doctoral enrollment, doctoral degrees are no longer a scarce resource.
PhD students not only face competition from peers, but also from experienced professionals in the workplace.
A doctoral student who is about to graduate from China University of Geosciences shared his employment pressure with reporters: "Nowadays, not only are high-quality articles required, but also a large quantity, and assessment standards are becoming increasingly strict
He is more inclined to return to his hometown of Zhejiang or Fujian to teach at universities, "so that the survival pressure is relatively small, the housing prices are not high, but the employment pressure is still very high.
As for salary, he said it mainly depends on the conditions provided by the school and project rewards.
He also mentioned that the "either promotion or departure" system in universities brings great pressure, and ordinary first tier universities may be relatively relaxed.
The recruitment manager of Jilin University stated that as a 985 university, higher requirements are placed on academic qualifications and research achievements.
Jilin University requires newly hired PhDs to meet the associate professor standard within 6 years.
He believes that although the employment environment in Northeast China is often criticized, Changchun, as the central city of Northeast Asia with complete infrastructure and beautiful greenery, still has a certain appeal to doctors.
Although we cannot solve the housing problem, we provide temporary housing, and the housing prices in Changchun are relatively low, with some places costing only a few thousand yuan per square meter, which is not comparable to Beijing, "added the recruitment manager of Jilin University.
The dean of the School of Economics at a university in Beijing said, "We hope that PhDs can pay more attention to our school. We can provide 1000 sets of public rental housing for young teachers, which is called building a nest and attracting phoenixes
1.The reporter from China Business News saw on site that the recruitment exhibition areas of universities in Beijing and Shandong were the most popular, and some booths even had long queues in front of them.
句子成分分析：
The reporter (from China Business News) saw [[on site]] | that the recruitment exhibition areas (of universities (in Beijing and Shandong)) were the most popular, || and some booths even had long queues [in front of them].
句子语法结构详解：
(saw 为 see 的过去式。)
* saw 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* on site 为介词短语作状语，被移位到宾语从句之前。
* that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* were 为系动词作谓语，采用一般过去时。
* popular 为形容词名词化
* 第2个 and 为并列连词，连接并列句。
* had 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* them 为人称代词宾格。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| in front of... | 在...前面 |
Vocabulary:
| reporter [ri'pɔ:tә] | n. | 记者，通讯员 |
| China ['tʃainә] | n. | 中国 |
| business ['biznis] | n. | 1) 商业，买卖，生意 2) 商务，公事 |
| news [nju:z] | n. | 1) 消息，音信 2) 新闻 |
| see [si:] | vt. | 1) 看见，见到，看出 2) 观看（比赛、电视节目、演出等） |
| site [sait] | n. | 1) 位置，地点 2) 现场，场所 |
| recruitment | n. | 新兵征召 |
| exhibition [,eksi'biʃәn] | n. | 1) 展览 2) （一批）展品 |
| area ['єәriә] | n. | 1) 地区，区域，地域 2) 面积 3) （物体上的）区，部位 4) 领域，方面 |
| university [,ju:ni'vә:siti] | n. | 综合性大学 |
| Beijing | n. | [中国省市] 北京 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
| Shandong | n. | [中国省市] 山东 |
| most [mәust] | ad. | 1) 最(与形容词或副词连用构成最高级） 2) (程度上）最大，最多，最高 |
| popular ['pɔpjulә] | a. | 1) 受欢迎的, 流行的, 当红的 2) 通俗的 |
| some [sʌm] | a. | 1) 一些 2) 某一, 某个 |
| booth [bu:θ] | n. | 1) 不受妨碍的封闭空间（如电话亭、投票间等） 2) 临时货摊（或放映棚等） |
| even ['i:vәn] | ad. | 1) 甚至,即使 2) (用于加强比较)甚至更, 愈加 |
| have [hæv] | vt. | 1) 有，持有 2) 吃，喝, 抽(烟) 3) 患病，出现(某症状) |
| long [lɔŋ] | a. | 1) (距离)长的 2) (时间)长久的 |
| queue [kju:] | n. | 1) （人、汽车等的）队，行列 2) （储存的数据）队列 |
句子相关学习点：
in front of 与 in the front of 的区别
2.Excellent students from top universities such as Tsinghua University and Peking University have chosen to pursue graduate studies in China, leading to intensified competition for doctoral students.
句子成分分析：
Excellent students (from top universities (such as Tsinghua University and Peking University)) have chosen to pursue graduate studies [in China], leading to intensified competition [for doctoral students].
句子语法结构详解：
(chosen 为 choose 的过去分词。)
* chosen 为谓语，采用现在完成时。
* to pursue 为不定式，作宾语。
* leading 为现在分词，作状语。
* intensified 为过去分词作定语
* have 为助动词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| such as | 1) 例如，比如 2) 像……那样的，诸如……之类的 |
| Tsinghua University | 清华大学 |
| Peking University | 北京大学 |
| lead to... | 1) 导致..., 造成... 2) 通向..., 通往... |
Vocabulary:
| excellent ['ekslәnt] | a. | 1) 优秀的，杰出的，极好的 2) （用以表示愉快或赞同）好极了，妙极了 |
| student ['stju:dnt] | n. | 1) 学生，（尤指）中学生 2) 大学生，研究生，博士生 |
| top [tɔp] | a. | （位置、级别或程度）最高的 |
| university [,ju:ni'vә:siti] | n. | 综合性大学 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
| choose [tʃu:z] | vt. | 1) 选择，挑选，选取 2) 宁愿，情愿，决定 |
| pursue [pә'sju:] | vt. | 1) 追逐，跟踪，追赶 2) 追求，致力于，执行，贯彻 |
| graduate ['grædʒueit] | a. | 已得学位的, 研究生的, 毕业的 |
| study ['stʌdi] | n. | 1) 学习，研究 2) 作业，学业 |
| China ['tʃainә] | n. | 中国 |
| intensify [in'tensifai] | vt. | 使加强，增强，加剧 |
| competition [,kɔmpi'tiʃәn] | n. | 1) 竞争 2) 比赛 |
| doctoral ['dɔktәrәl] | a. | 博士的；博士学位的 |
句子相关学习点：
as, when, while 的区别 现在分词作状语和不定式作状语的区别
3.According to data from the Ministry of Education, the number of full-time teachers in ordinary universities across the country has increased from 1.6332 million in 2017 to 2.0052 million in 2022 within five years.
句子成分分析：
[According to data (from the Ministry (of Education))], the number (of full-time teachers (in ordinary universities (across the country))) has increased [from 1.6332 million] [in 2017] [to 2.0052 million] [in 2022] [within five years].
句子语法结构详解：
* increased 为谓语，采用现在完成时。
* has 为助动词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| according to | 根据，据（某人）所述 |
Vocabulary:
| data ['deitә] | n. | 数据；资料，材料 |
| ministry ['ministri] | n. | 1) （政府的）部 2) （the Ministry）（尤指基督教新教的）全体牧师 |
| education [,edju'keiʃәn] | n. | 1) 教育 2) 培训，训练 |
| number ['nʌmbә] | n. | 1) 数目,数字 2) 编号，号码, 序数 |
| full-time | a. | 全日(制)；全职的(地)；全日的(地) |
| teacher ['ti:tʃә] | n. | 教师，教员，老师，先生 |
| ordinary ['ɔ:dinәri] | a. | 1) 普通的，平常的，一般的，平凡的 2) 平庸的，平淡无奇的 |
| university [,ju:ni'vә:siti] | n. | 综合性大学 |
| across [ә'krɔs] | prep. | 1) 从...一边到另一边，横过 2) 在...对面 |
| country ['kʌntri] | n. | 1) 国家 2) 乡村 |
| increase [in'kri:s] | vi. | 增长，增多，增加 |
| five [faiv] | num | 五 |
| year [jiә] | n. | 1) 年 2) 一年时间 |
句子相关学习点：
a number of 和 the number of 的区别
4.It is understood that some universities require applicants to publish a certain number of papers in authoritative domestic and foreign journals, and to be included in databases such as SCI (Science Citation Index) and SSCI (Social Science Citation Index).
句子成分分析：
It is understood | that some universities require applicants to publish a certain number (of papers) [in authoritative domestic and foreign journals], and to be included [in databases (such as SCI (Science Citation Index) and SSCI (Social Science Citation Index))].
句子语法结构详解：
(understood 为 understand 的过去分词。)
* it 为先行主语，代表后移的主语从句。
* understood 为谓语，采用一般现在时和被动语态。
* that 引导主语从句。
* require 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* to publish 为不定式，作宾语补足语(或称复合宾语)。
* to be included 为不定式。该不定式采用被动语态。
* is, be 为助动词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| such as | 1) 例如，比如 2) 像……那样的，诸如……之类的 |
| social science | 1) 社会科学 2) 社会科学学科 |
Vocabulary:
| understand [,ʌndә'stænd] | vt. | 1) 懂，明白 2) 了解，理解 |
| some [sʌm] | a. | 1) 一些 2) 某一, 某个 |
| university [,ju:ni'vә:siti] | n. | 综合性大学 |
| require [ri'kwaiә] | vt. | 1) 需要，有赖于 2) 要求，规定 |
| applicant ['æplikәnt] | n. | 申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等） |
| publish ['pʌbliʃ] | vt. | 1) 出版，发行 2) （在报刊）发表，刊登，登载 |
| certain ['sә:tәn] | a. | 1) 某，某种， 某（人），某（事） 2) [作表语]确定，肯定，确实，确信 |
| number ['nʌmbә] | n. | 1) 数目,数字 2) 编号，号码, 序数 |
| paper ['peipә] | n. | 1) 纸，纸张 2) 报纸 3) 论文, 研究报告 |
| authoritative [ɔ:'θɔritәtiv] | a. | 1) 命令式的，专断的，权威式的 2) 权威性的 |
| domestic [dәu'mestik] | a. | 1) 本国的，国内的 2) 家用的，家庭的，家务的 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
| foreign ['fɔ:rin] | a. | 1) 外国的 2) 涉外的, 外交的 |
| journal ['dʒә:nәl] | n. | 1) （某学科或专业的）报纸，刊物，杂志 2) （用于报纸名）……报 |
| include [in'klu:d] | vt. | 1) 包括，包含 2) 使成为……的一部分 |
| database ['deitәbeis] | n. | （储存在计算机中的）数据库，资料库 |
| science ['saiәns] | n. | 1) 科学 2) 理科 |
| citation [sai'teiʃәn] | n. | 1) 引语；引文；引述 2) 表彰；表扬；（尤指对战争中英勇表现的）嘉奖令 |
| index ['indeks] | n. | 1) 标志，指标，表征，量度 2) 索引 |
句子相关学习点：
paper 可以是不可数名词， 也可以是可数名词 as, when, while 的区别
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