去年4月15日晚上8点左右，杂技演员夫妻档张凯与孙影在表演高空绸吊时，妻子孙影从高空摔下当场身亡。惨剧发生时的视频传得到处都是，民间艺人的搏命演出令人唏嘘感叹，但老实说旁人也没什么办法。
红星新闻11月27日报道，在妻子身故一年多后，张凯在表演时绳子断裂，张凯脸朝地面，从空中坠落。好消息是，经过抢救，他已经脱离了生命危险，目前还在ICU病房，脸部受伤，腿部也骨折，头部暂时没有发现致命危险。
张凯比他老婆幸运，捡回了一条命。
相关视频截图
张凯夫妻在不到两年时间里，一死一伤，让人们聚焦在两个基本问题上：一个是安全设施上的，为什么不用安全绳或防护网？还有一个则是这种危险的杂技表演，有没有可能规范？如果无法规范避免伤亡，是不是需要叫停？
在行业内，张凯夫妻从事的杂技项目名叫绸吊，它是在传统杂技皮条、立绳的基础上演变而来，通过垂吊的两根绸带，演员在空中完成倒立、翻转、旋转等高难度动作。有时候，垂下的不一定是绸带，也可能是长的布匹，比如张凯这次。
根据以往报道，曾有行业人士看视频推测，孙影当年吊下来，可能是因为她的手劲没了导致滑落。而张凯这次坠落，从视频初步分析，很可能是吊车牵引绳脱落或断裂导致。
绸吊杂技的演出市场多数为河北、安徽等地的农村，最常见于红白喜事演出，每次一两千元，如果吊得高、难度大，主家可能会加到3000元一场。有的绸吊演员主要是在景区演出，相对正规，安全相对有保障。
绸吊的风险之所以无法避免，最主要原因是因为要在空中做怀抱、翻滚等动作，系安全绳会影响动作的施展；演员也要在地面助跑起飞，地面安全防护网也无法用。除非铺设气垫，但铺气垫需要很大范围，同样令表演受限。关键是，这些防护措施需要成本，而且比报酬更高，所以邀请表演的主家不会管这块，绸吊演员也默认这个规则。
在孙影坠亡后，文旅部曾经下文，要求“压实演出举办单位主体责任”，确保演出市场安全生产。考虑到张凯这些民间艺人的演出主要在下沉市场，多数是私人交易，这些规定很难覆盖到他们——说句实在的，要是真遵守这些规定，张凯他们估计得失业、没饭吃，这是显而易见的。
与外界因演员坠亡或受伤而产生禁止绸吊演出的想法不同，杂技艺人群体完全知道这项工作的巨大风险，而且他们明确知道风险隐患在哪里，所以自控风险的意识很强。
比如，有些绸吊艺人会拒绝吊车吊起来演出，而使用自制的钢架，可以控制绸吊高度，比如从孙影坠亡那次的10多米高，降到8米高，这样离地只有3米左右，再安排安全员盯防注意接住落下的人，安全系数大增。多数绸吊艺人拒绝用吊车，因为挂绳会摇晃，更主要是避免把性命托付给陌生的吊车手。还有的绸吊艺人只用自己的绳具，严格保养绳索，定期更换，哪怕到了现场，只要发现不合自己的安全标准，也会退钱拒演。
张凯这次绸吊表演，不排除是因为受朋友邀请，碍于面子，放松了安全标准。
去年孙影坠亡后，绸吊杂技也并没有停止演出。同理，张凯这次吊下来摔伤，大概也不会让同行不再表演绸吊。地方文旅即使严查这类演出，很多时候也是一阵风，很难持久。而且，越是查得紧，越是挤压绸吊演员的挣钱机会。选择空间变小后，演员容易放低标准，接受主家草率安排，附带着让表演的安全风险变大。
在行业内外对绸吊风险认知存在巨大差异的情况下，既然草根演出安全难有保障，行政禁止是不可能的，似乎只能寄望于这门杂技因为没有传人而自动消失。但现在民间还有表演需求，学这门技艺还能带来收入，指望危险的绸吊技艺很快消亡，只怕是不可能。那些在各种杂技学校苦熬、磨炼的苦孩子们，很多都不是喜欢杂技，对杂技的风险想必也有自己的认知，可家境贫困的他们，并没有更好的出路。
除了杂技艺人自求多福，最好的“安全绳”就是恪守业内被证明是有效的安全措施与表演原则，每出一次事故，外界都希望这根“绳子”能系得更紧些，不要次次都是空喊话。无论这有多难，也不要为了避免事故，一棍子打死这门技艺或者呼吁禁止它，毕竟民间艺人也要生活。
Acrobats fell from a high altitude during their performance, causing serious injuries. Even though folk artists knew the danger, they couldn't stop
On the evening of April 15th last year, acrobat couple Zhang Kai and Sun Ying were performing a high-altitude silk hanging when their wife Sun Ying fell from a high altitude and died on the spot.
The video of the tragedy was spread everywhere, and the desperate performances of folk artists were heartbreaking, but to be honest, there was nothing others could do about it.
Red Star News reported on November 27th that more than a year after his wife's death, Zhang Kai's rope broke during a performance and he fell from the air with his face facing the ground.
The good news is that after rescue efforts, he has been released from life-threatening situations and is currently in the ICU ward. He suffered facial injuries and a fractured leg, and no fatal danger has been found in his head for the time being.
Zhang Kai was luckier than his wife and saved his life.
Screenshots of related videos
In less than two years, the deaths and injuries of Zhang Kai and his wife have focused people's attention on two basic issues: one is safety facilities, why not use safety ropes or protective nets?
Is it possible to standardize this dangerous acrobatic performance?
If it is impossible to standardize and avoid casualties, does it need to be stopped?
In the industry, the acrobatics project that Zhang Kai and his wife are engaged in is called silk hanging. It evolved from traditional acrobatics such as leather straps and ropes. Through two hanging silk ribbons, actors perform high difficulty movements such as handstands, flips, and rotations in the air.
Sometimes, what hangs down may not be a silk ribbon, but a long piece of cloth, such as Zhang Kai this time.
According to previous reports, some industry insiders speculated from watching videos that Sun Ying may have slipped down because she lost her grip.
Based on the preliminary analysis of the video, it is highly likely that Zhang Kai's fall was caused by the detachment or breakage of the crane's traction rope.
The market for silk hanging acrobatics performances is mostly in rural areas such as Hebei and Anhui provinces, and is most commonly seen in red and white wedding performances, priced at one or two thousand yuan per performance. If the hanging is high and difficult, the host may increase it to 3000 yuan per performance.
Some silk hanging performers mainly perform in scenic spots, which are relatively formal and safe.
The main reason why the risk of silk hanging cannot be avoided is that it requires holding and rolling in the air, and tying a safety rope will affect the performance of the movements;
Actors also need to run and take off on the ground, and ground safety nets cannot be used.
Unless an air cushion is laid, but laying an air cushion requires a large area, which also limits the performance.
The key is that these protective measures require cost and are higher than compensation, so the host inviting the performance will not be involved in this area, and the silk hanging actors will also default to this rule.
After the fall of Sun Ying, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued a document requesting that "the main responsibility of the performance organizers be strengthened" to ensure the safe production of the performance market.
Considering that the performances of folk artists such as Zhang Kai are mainly in the lower tier market, most of which are private transactions, these regulations are difficult to cover them - to be honest, if these regulations are really followed, Zhang Kai and his team are estimated to be unemployed and have no food to eat, which is obvious.
Unlike the idea of banning silk hanging performances due to the death or injury of actors, the group of acrobats is fully aware of the huge risks involved in this work, and they are well aware of the potential risks, so their awareness of risk control is strong.
For example, some silk crane performers may refuse to use cranes to perform, and instead use homemade steel frames to control the height of the silk crane. For example, it can be lowered from over 10 meters high during the fall of Sun Ying to 8 meters high, so that it is only about 3 meters above the ground. Then, safety personnel are arranged to monitor and catch the falling person, greatly increasing the safety factor.
Most silk hanging artists refuse to use cranes because the hanging ropes will shake, and more importantly, to avoid entrusting their lives to unfamiliar crane operators.
Some silk hanging artists only use their own ropes, strictly maintain the ropes, and replace them regularly. Even if they arrive at the scene and find that they do not meet their safety standards, they will refund and refuse to perform.
Zhang Kai's silk hanging performance this time may have been due to being invited by a friend and relaxing safety standards due to face saving reasons.
After Sun Ying's death last year, the silk hanging acrobatics did not stop performing.
Similarly, Zhang Kai's injury from hanging down this time is unlikely to deter his peers from performing silk hanging.
Even if local cultural tourism strictly inspects such performances, they are often short-lived and difficult to sustain.
Moreover, the tighter the investigation, the more it squeezes the opportunities for silk hanging actors to make money.
After choosing a smaller space, actors tend to lower their standards and accept hasty arrangements from the host, which increases the safety risks of the performance.
In the context of significant differences in risk perception of silk hanging between the industry and outside, since grassroots performances are difficult to ensure safety, administrative bans are impossible. It seems that we can only hope that this acrobatics will disappear automatically due to the lack of successors.
But now there is still a demand for performance among the people, and learning this skill can bring income. It is unlikely that the dangerous silk hanging technique will disappear soon.
Many of the hardworking children who endure and train in various acrobatic schools are not fond of acrobatics, and they must have their own understanding of the risks of acrobatics. However, for those from poor families, there is no better way out.
In addition to acrobats seeking their own blessings, the best "safety rope" is to adhere to proven safety measures and performance principles within the industry. Every time an accident occurs, the outside world hopes that this "rope" can be tied tighter and not just empty promises every time.
No matter how difficult it is, don't beat this skill to death or call for its prohibition just to avoid accidents, after all, folk artists also need to make a living.
1.On the evening of April 15th last year, acrobat couple Zhang Kai and Sun Ying were performing a high-altitude silk hanging when their wife Sun Ying fell from a high altitude and died on the spot.
句子成分分析：
[On the evening (of April 15th last year)], acrobat couple Zhang Kai and Sun Ying were performing a high-altitude silk hanging || when their wife Sun Ying fell [from a high altitude] and died [on the spot].
句子语法结构详解：
(fell 为 fall 的过去式。)
* performing 为谓语，采用一般过去进行时。
* when 为连词，引导时间状语从句。
* Sun Ying 为同位语
* fell 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* died 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* their 为形容词型物主代词。were 为助动词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| last year | 去年 |
| on the spot | 1) 在现场 2) 当场, 当下 |
Vocabulary:
| evening ['i:vniŋ] | n. | 1) 晚上 2) 晚会，晚间活动 |
| acrobat ['ækrәbæt] | n. | 杂技演员 |
| couple ['kʌpl] | n. | 1) (人)一对, 夫妻，情侣 2) 两人，两件物品 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
| perform [pә'fɔ:m] | vt. | 1) 履行,执行,做 2) 表演, 演奏 |
| high-altitude | a. | 高空的 |
| silk [silk] | n. | 1) 丝 2) 丝织物 |
| hanging ['hæŋiŋ] | n. | 1) 绞死；绞刑 2) 墙幔；帷幔 |
| wife [waif] | n. | 妻子，太太 |
| fall [fɔ:l] | vi. | 1) 落下，跌落 2) 倒下，倒塌 |
| high [hai] | a. | 1) 高的 2) 有某高度的 |
| altitude ['æltitju:d] | n. | 1) 海拔，海拔高度 2) （海拔高的）高处，高地 |
| die [dai] | vi. | 1) 死，死亡，枯萎，凋谢 2) 消失，消亡，灭亡 |
句子相关学习点：
2.Through two hanging silk ribbons, actors perform high difficulty movements such as handstands, flips, and rotations in the air. Sometimes, what hangs down may not be a silk ribbon, but a long piece of cloth, such as Zhang Kai this time.
句子成分分析：
[Through two hanging silk ribbons], actors perform high difficulty movements (such as handstands, flips, and rotations) [in the air].
Sometimes,
what hangs down| may not be a silk ribbon,
but a long piece (of cloth),
such as Zhang Kai
this time.
句子语法结构详解：
* hanging 为现在分词，作后置定语。
* perform 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* what 为关系代词，引导主语从句。
* hangs 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* be 为系动词作谓语。
* 第2个 such 开头为让步状语从句，采用倒装语序。
* may 为情态动词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| such as | 1) 例如，比如 2) 像……那样的，诸如……之类的 |
| in the air | 1) 在空中 2) 在传播中, 流行， 可以感觉到 |
| hang down | 垂下 |
| a piece of... | 一块,一片,一段 |
| this time | 这一次 |
Vocabulary:
| through [θru:] | prep. | 1) 借助，凭借，通过，经由 2) 从某物的一端到另一端, 穿透, 通过 |
| two [tu:] | num | 二 |
| hang [hæŋ] | vt. | 1) 悬挂，吊 2) 把……绞死，对……施以绞刑 |
| silk [silk] | n. | 1) 丝 2) 丝织物 |
| ribbon ['ribәn] | n. | 1) （用于捆绑或装饰的）带子，丝带 2) 带状物，狭长的东西 |
| actor ['æktә] | n. | 演员 |
| perform [pә'fɔ:m] | vt. | 1) 履行,执行,做 2) 表演, 演奏 |
| high [hai] | a. | 1) 高的 2) 有某高度的 |
| difficulty ['difikәlti] | n. | 1) 困难，难事，困境 2) 艰难，辛苦 |
| movement ['mu:vmәnt] | n. | 1) （身体部位的）运动，转动，活动 2) 移动，迁移，转移，活动 |
| handstand ['hændstænd] | n. | 倒立（动作） |
| flip [flip] | n. | 1) 轻抛，捻掷 2) 空翻 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
| rotation [rәu'teiʃәn] | n. | 1) 旋转，转动 2) （旋转的）一周，一圈 |
| sometimes ['sʌmtaimz] | ad. | 有时候; 间或; 偶尔 |
| not [nɔt] | ad. | 1) 不，没有 2) 不没有 |
| but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
| long [lɔŋ] | a. | 1) (距离)长的 2) (时间)长久的 |
| cloth [klɔθ] | n. | 1) 布料，织物 2) (常用于构成复合词）一块布 |
| as [æz] | conj. | 1) 尽管;虽然;不管 2) 由于, 因为 |
3.The market for silk hanging acrobatics performances is mostly in rural areas such as Hebei and Anhui provinces, and is most commonly seen in red and white wedding performances, priced at one or two thousand yuan per performance.
句子成分分析：
The market (for silk hanging acrobatics performances) is [mostly] in rural areas (such as Hebei and Anhui provinces), || and is most commonly seen [in red and white wedding performances], priced at one or two thousand yuan [per performance].
句子语法结构详解：
(seen 为 see 的过去分词。)
* hanging 为现在分词，作后置定语。
* 第1个 is 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* 第2个 is 为助动词，引导疑问句。
* seen 为谓语，采用一般现在时和被动语态。
* priced 为过去分词，作状语。
* the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| such as | 1) 例如，比如 2) 像……那样的，诸如……之类的 |
| white wedding | （海洋的）白色水域，惊涛骇浪的水域 |
Vocabulary:
| market ['mɑ:kit] | n. | 1) 市场，集市，商场 2) 交易，买卖，交易量 |
| silk [silk] | n. | 1) 丝 2) 丝织物 |
| hang [hæŋ] | vt. | 1) 悬挂，吊 2) 把……绞死，对……施以绞刑 |
| acrobatics [,ækrәu'bætiks] | n. | 杂技 |
| performance [pә'fɔ:mәns] | n. | 1) 表演，演出 2) 艺术上的表现，演技 |
| mostly ['mәustli] | ad. | 主要，一般地，多半，通常 |
| rural ['ruәrәl] | a. | 乡村的，农村的，似农村的 |
| area ['єәriә] | n. | 1) 地区，区域，地域 2) 面积 3) （物体上的）区，部位 4) 领域，方面 |
| Hebei | n. | [中国省市] 河北 |
| and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
| Anhui | n. | [中国省市] 安徽 |
| province ['prɔvins] | n. | 1) 省份，（某些国家的）一级行政区 2) （the province）首都以外的地区 |
| most [mәust] | pron | 1) 大多数, 大部分 2) 最多 |
| commonly ['kɔmәnli] | ad. | 通常，常常，大多数人地 |
| see [si:] | vt. | 1) 看见，见到，看出 2) 观看（比赛、电视节目、演出等） |
| red [red] | n. | 1) 红色 2) 红葡萄酒 |
| price [prais] | vt. | 1) （在商品上）标价，贴价格标签 2) 给……定价，为……作价 |
| one [wʌn] | a. | 1) 一的；一个的；一个人的 2) 单独一个的, 仅仅一个的 |
| or [ɔ:] | conj. | 1) 或，或者，还是 2) 否则，要不然 |
| two thousand | 二千 | |
| yuan [ju:'ɑ:n] | n. | 元(中国货币单位) |
| per [pә:] | prep. | 每，每一 |
句子相关学习点：
as, when, while 的区别 all, some, any, more, most, enough, half 作主语时的主谓一致。
4.After the fall of Sun Ying, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued a document requesting that "the main responsibility of the performance organizers be strengthened" to ensure the safe production of the performance market.