
Our modern working lives are ruled by the concept of competence.The idea that lies behind competence is quite simple:that one can state what people should do in behavioral terms,and then measure whether a person has succeeded in meeting that task or not.We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not.In fact,it is a controversial one.
Humans do not learn or work in ways that can be measured by the concept of competence.Take the example of a barista(咖啡师)who is being trained to make coffee.The job title of“barista”suggests a degree of skill in making coffee.However,baristas in large coffee chains are usually trained through competence-based qualifications.One part of these qualifications is to produce a cup of coffee to meet a minimum standard.It might have to achieve a certain taste and appearance.This might seem perfectly reasonable,but there are two reasons why such an approach to training baristas does not work.
First,the production of a cup of coffee to a certain standard is a binary(二次元的)outcome.The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain standard or they cannot.If they happen to produce the best cup of coffee in the world,it does not matter,as competence-based training does not reward outstanding performance.Likewise,producing the worst cup of coffee would be a fail in the same way as producing a cup just below the standard.In fact,competence is not interested in the process of producing a coffee at all—only the final binary outcome.
Second,if the barista does produce a coffee to a certain standard,competence is not interested in why the barista can do that.But humans are not machines that simply produce binary outcomes.We have bodies and minds which change through learning.
Yet we are increasingly forced to achieve competence in our schools and workplaces.We are not empty machines that simply produce binary outcomes.If we want to be true human in our learning and our workplaces,we need to be creative and special.Learning and innovation(创新)involve failure in aiming for something that is unusually good.Such things simply cannot be judged by the standard of competence where the mediocre is the gold standard.
我们的现代工作生活受能力概念的支配。能力背后的理念很简单:一个人可以用行为的角度来说明人们应该做什么,然后衡量一个人是否成功地完成了这项任务。我们很少再考虑衡量和实现能力的理念是否好。事实上,这是一个有争议的。
人类的学习或工作方式不能用能力的概念来衡量。以咖啡师为例(咖啡师)谁正在接受制作咖啡的培训。“咖啡师”的头衔表明了制作咖啡的技能。然而,大型咖啡连锁店的咖啡师通常是通过基于能力的资格证书进行培训的。这些资格证书的一部分是生产一杯符合最低标准的咖啡。它可能必须达到一定的味道和外观。这看起来可能很完美这是合理的,但有两个原因导致这种培训咖啡师的方法不起作用。
首先,一杯咖啡的生产达到一定的标准是二元的(二次元的)结果。咖啡师要么能生产出一定标准的咖啡,要么不能。如果他们碰巧生产出了世界上最好的一杯咖啡,那也没关系,因为基于能力的培训不会奖励出色的表现。同样,生产出最差的咖啡也会是失败的,就像生产出一杯低于标准的咖啡一样。事实上,能力不是对生产咖啡的过程感兴趣——只是最终的二元结果。
其次,如果咖啡师确实按照一定的标准生产咖啡,那么能力对咖啡师为什么能做到这一点并不感兴趣。但人类不是简单产生二元结果的机器。我们的身体和思想会随着学习而改变。
然而,我们越来越被迫在学校和工作场所获得能力。我们不是简单地产生二元结果的空机器。如果我们想在学习和工作中成为真正的人,我们需要有创造力和特殊性。学习和创新(创新)在追求异常好的东西时失败。这些事情根本不能用能力的标准来评判,因为平庸才是黄金标准。
句子成分分析:
We rarely have a second thought about || whether the idea (of measuring and achieving competence) is a good one or not.
句子语法结构详解:
(thought 为 think 的过去分词。)
* have 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* thought 为过去分词,作后置定语。
* whether 引导让步状语从句。
* 句中含有 whether...or not 结构, 意为“是否”。
* measuring 为动名词,作介词宾语。
* achieving 为动名词。
* is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* we 为人称代词主格。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
think about... | 1) 考虑, 想 2) 考虑(做某事), 打算(做某事) |
or not | 或者不 |
whether...or not | 是否 |
Vocabulary:
rarely ['rєәli] | ad. | 罕有;很少;不常 |
have [hæv] | vt. | 1) 有,持有 2) 吃,喝, 抽(烟) 3) 患病,出现(某症状) |
second ['sekәnd] | n. | 1) 秒 2) 片刻 |
idea [ai'diә] | n. | 1) 想法,构思,主意 2) 印象,概念 |
measure ['meʒә] | vi. | 测量, 度量 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
achieve [ә'tʃi:v] | vt. | 1) (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准) 2) 完成 |
competence ['kɔmpitәns] | n. | 1) 能力,胜任 2) (法庭、机构或人的)权限,管辖权 |
good [gud] | a. | 1) 好的,令人满意的 2) 优质的,符合标准的 |
one [wʌn] | pron | 1) 一个人(或物) 2) (代表前面提到的,避免重复 |
句子成分分析:
The job title of"barista"suggests a degree (of skill) [in making coffee].
句子语法结构详解:
* title 为双宾动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。of"barista"suggests 为间接宾语,degree 为直接宾语。
* making 为动名词。
* the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Vocabulary:
job [dʒɔb] | n. | 1) 工作,职业,职位 2) (一项)任务,(一件)工作,活儿,事情 |
title ['taitl] | vt. | (给书籍、乐曲等)加标题,定标题;定名为 |
degree [di'gri:] | n. | 1) 度数,度 2) 程度 3) 大学学位 |
skill ['skil] | n. | 1) 技巧,技艺 2) 技能,技术 |
make [meik] | vt. | 1) 做, 制作, 创造,创作, 建造 2) 使出现, 形成 3) 引起, 使产生 |
coffee ['kɔfi] | n. | 1) 咖啡 2) 一杯咖啡 |
句子成分分析:
Yet we are [increasingly] forced toachieve competence [in our schools and workplaces].
句子语法结构详解:
* forced 为谓语,采用一般现在时和被动语态。
* to achieve 为不定式,作主语补足语。
* we 为人称代词主格。our 为形容词型物主代词。are 为助动词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Vocabulary:
yet [jet] | conj. | 然而; 但是 |
increasingly [in'kri:siŋli] | ad. | 越来越多地;不断增加地 |
force [fɔ:s] | vt. | 1) 强迫,迫使(某人做某事) 2) 用力,强行(把……移动) |
achieve [ә'tʃi:v] | vt. | 1) (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准) 2) 完成 |
competence ['kɔmpitәns] | n. | 1) 能力,胜任 2) (法庭、机构或人的)权限,管辖权 |
school [sku:l] | n. | 1) (中、小)学校 2) 专科学校,专业学校 3) 流派,学派 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
workplace | n. | 工作场所, 车间 |
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