
I was born and raised in Minnesota,the USA,but us an adult I have mostly lived in Europe and Africa.I teach cross-cultural management at the International Business School near Paris.For the last 15 years,I’ve studied how people in different parts of the world build trust,communicate,and make decisions especially in the workplace.
While traveling in Tokyo recently with Japanese colleague,I gave a short talk to a group of 20 managers.At the end,I asked whether there were any questions or comments.No hands went up,so I went to sit down.My colleague whispered to me,“I think there actually were some comments,Erin.Do you mind if I try?”I agreed,but I guessed it a waste of breath.He asked the group again,“Any comments or questions?”
Still,no one raised a hand,but this time he looked very carefully at each person in the silent audience.Gesturing to one of them,he said,“Do you have something to add?”To my amazement,she responded “Yes,thank you.” and asked me a very interesting question.My colleague repeated this several times,looking directly at the audience and asking for more questions or comments.
After the session,I asked my colleague,“How do you know that those people had questions?”He hesitated,not sure how to explain it,and then said,“It has to do with how bright their eyes are.”
He continued,“In Japan,we don’t make as much direct eye contact as you do in the West.So when you asked if there were any comments,most people were not looking directly at you.But a few people in the group were looking right at you,and their eyes were bright.That indicates that they would be happy to have you call on them.”
I thought to myself I would never have learned from my upbringing in Minnesota.Since then,I try to focus on understanding behavior in other cultures I encounter,and keep finding the bright eyes in the room.
我在美国明尼苏达州出生和长大,但作为一个成年人,我大多生活在欧洲和非洲。我在巴黎附近的国际商学院教授跨文化管理。在过去的15年里,我研究了世界各地的人们如何建立信任、沟通和决策,尤其是在工作场所。
最近,我和一位日本同事在东京旅行时,与20位经理进行了简短的交谈。最后,我问是否有任何问题或意见。没有人举手,所以我坐了下来。我的同事小声对我说:“我想确实有一些评论,Erin。你介意我试一下吗?”我同意了,但我觉得这是在浪费时间。他再次问大家:“有什么意见或问题吗?”
尽管如此,没有人举手,但这一次他非常仔细地看着沉默的观众中的每一个人。他指着其中一个说:“你有什么要补充的吗?”令我惊讶的是,她回答说:“是的,谢谢。”并问了我一个非常有趣的问题。我的同事重复了好几次,直视观众,询问更多的问题或意见。
会议结束后,我问我的同事:“你怎么知道那些人有问题?”他犹豫了一下,不知道该怎么解释,然后说:“这与他们的眼睛有多亮有关。”
他继续说道:“在日本,我们不像在西方那样进行直接的眼神交流。所以当你问是否有任何评论时,大多数人都没有直视你。但小组中有一些人正看着你,他们的眼睛很亮。这表明他们很乐意你来拜访他们。”
我心想,在明尼苏达州的成长过程中,我永远不会学到什么。从那以后,我努力专注于理解我遇到的其他文化中的行为,并不断在房间里找到明亮的眼睛。
句子成分分析:
[For the last 15 years], I've studied | how people (in different parts (of the world)) build trust, communicate, and make decisions [especially in the workplace].
句子语法结构详解:
(I've = I have)
* studied 为谓语,采用现在完成时。
* how 为连接副词,引导宾语从句。
* build 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* communicate 为谓语。
* make 为谓语。
* I 为人称代词主格。have 为助动词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Vocabulary:
last [lɑ:st] | a. | 1) 最近的,刚过去的, 上一个的 2) 最后的, 末尾的 |
year [jiә] | n. | 1) 年 2) 一年时间 |
study ['stʌdi] | vt. | 1) 学习,攻读 2) 审视,端详,细看 |
people ['pi:pl] | n. | 1) 人,人们,大家 2) 国民,人民,臣民,群众 |
different ['difәrәnt] | a. | 1) 不同的,有区别的,有差异的 2) 分别的,各别的,各种的 |
part [pɑ:t] | n. | 1) 部分 2) 部件,零件 3) 角色,台词 |
world [wә:ld] | n. | 1) 世界,人类社会 2) 地球,天下 |
build [bild] | vt. | 1) 建筑,建造 2) 创建,开发 |
trust [trʌst] | n. | 1) 信任,信赖 2) [律]委托,信托 |
communicate [kә'mju:nikeit] | vi. | 1) 交流,沟通 2) 传达,传递 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
make [meik] | vt. | 1) 做, 制作, 创造,创作, 建造 2) 使出现, 形成 3) 引起, 使产生 |
decision [di'siʒәn] | n. | 1) 决定,抉择 2) 果敢,决断力 |
especially [i'speʃәli] | ad. | 1) 尤其;特别;格外 2) 专门;特地 |
workplace | n. | 工作场所, 车间 |
句子成分分析:
[At the end], I asked | whether there were any questions || or comments.No hands went up, || so I went to sit down.
句子语法结构详解:
(went 为 go 的过去式。)
* asked 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* whether 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* there 引导 there be ... 句型, 表示“有”的意思。
* were 为系动词作谓语,采用一般过去时。
* or 为并列连词,连接并列句。
* 第1个 went 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* so 为连词,引导状语从句。
* 第2个 went 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* to sit 为不定式,作状语。
* I 为人称代词主格。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
1) 上升, 增长 2) (建筑物等)建起来 | |
sit down | 坐下 |
Vocabulary:
end [end] | n. | 1) (事物的)末端 2) (时间,事件等的)结尾,终结 |
ask [ɑ:sk] | vt. | 1) 问,询问 2) 要求,请求 |
whether ['hweðә] | conj. | 1) 是否 2) 不管...(还是), 不论...(还是) |
any ['eni] | a. | 任何的, 任一的 |
question ['kwestʃәn] | n. | 1) 问题,疑问 2) (待讨论或处理的)事情,议题,课题 |
or [ɔ:] | conj. | 1) 或,或者,还是 2) 否则,要不然 |
hand [hænd] | n. | 1) 手 2) 用……手的 |
so [sәu] | conj. | 1) 因此, 所以 2) (表目的)以便,以免 |
go [gəu] | vi. | 1) 去, 走 2) 旅行 |
句子成分分析:
He continued," [In Japan], we don't make as much direct eye contact || as you do [in the West.So] || when you asked | if there were any comments, || most people were not looking [directly] at you.
句子语法结构详解:
(don't = do not)
* continued 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* 第1个 do 为助动词。
* make 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* contact 为名词作宾语补足语(即构成复合宾语)。
* 第2个 as 为连词,引导状语从句。
* 第2个 do 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* when 为连词,引导时间状语从句。
* asked 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* if 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* there 引导 there be ... 句型, 表示“有”的意思。
* 第1个 were 为系动词作谓语,采用一般过去时。
* most 开头为陈述句。
* 第2个 were 为助动词。
* looking 为谓语,采用一般过去进行时。
* you 为人称代词。he, we 为人称代词主格。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
look at... | 1) 看,瞧 2) 看待 3) 考虑, 研究, 检查 |
Vocabulary:
continue [kәn'tinju:] | vi. | 1) (停顿后)继续,再开始 2) 持续,继续存在,不断发生 |
Japan [dʒә'pæn] | n. | 日本 |
make [meik] | vt. | 1) 使,致使,促使 2) 做, 制作, 创造,创作, 建造 3) 使出现, 形成 |
direct [di'rekt] | a. | 1) 直接的,亲自的,亲身的 2) 笔直的,径直的,最近的 |
eye [ai] | n. | 1) 眼睛 2) 视力 |
contact ['kɔntækt] | n. | 1) 触摸,接触 2) (与某人或机构)联系,联络 |
do [du:] | vi. | 1) (以某种方式)做,行动,表现 2) (询问或谈论时用)进展,进行 |
ask [ɑ:sk] | vt. | 1) 问,询问 2) 要求,请求 |
if [if] | conj. | 1) 是否 2) 如果, 倘若 |
any ['eni] | a. | 任何的, 任一的 |
comment ['kɔment] | n. | 1) 评价,解释 2) 指责,批评 |
most [mәust] | a. | 1) 大多数的, 大部分的 2) 最多的, 最大的 |
people ['pi:pl] | n. | 1) 人,人们,大家 2) 国民,人民,臣民,群众 |
directly [dəˈrektli] | ad. | 1) 直接地, 径直地 2) 正好地,恰好 |
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