知识扩展
相关变形拓展
副词：neurotically → 名词：neurosis
易混词辨析
neurotic、neurosis、nervous、anxious、calm
1. neurotic：①形容词 “神经症的；神经质的；焦虑的”（如 “neurotic behavior”“neurotic symptoms”“neurotic about cleanliness”）；②名词 “神经症患者；神经质的人”（如 “help a neurotic”）；
2. neurosis：名词 “神经症；神经衰弱”（不可数，如 “suffer from neurosis”“treat neurosis”）；
3. nervous：形容词 “紧张的；焦虑的；神经的”（通用，侧重 “因压力 / 未知而紧张”，如 “nervous before exams”“nervous system”），比 neurotic 更口语，无 “病态” 含义；
4. anxious：形容词 “焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的”（侧重 “对未来的担忧或渴望”，如 “anxious about future”“anxious to succeed”），比 neurotic 更侧重 “情绪担忧”；
5. calm：形容词 / 动词 “冷静的（使冷静）”（反义，如 “calm mind”“calm down”），与 neurotic（“神经质的”）语义相反。
词语辨析
mentally ill insane neurotic psychotic disturbed unstable These words all describe sb who is suffering from a mental illness. 以上各词均用以形容患有精神疾病的人。 mentally ill suffering from an illness of the mind, especially in a way that affects the way you think and behave 指有精神病 insane [not usually before noun] ( rather formal ) suffering from a serious mental illness and unable to live in normal society 指精神失常、神经错乱： The question is, was the man insane when he committed the crime? 问题在于这男人犯罪时是否处于精神失常状态？ 注释 In informal English insane can describe sb who is not suffering from a mental illness, but whose mind does not work normally, especially because they are under pressure. This meaning is used especially in the phrases go insane and drive sb insane . 在非正式英语中，insane可用于未患精神病但尤因压力导致心智不正常的人。这一含义尤用于go insane和drive sb insane短语中。 neurotic ( medical ) suffering from or connected with neurosis (= a mental illness in which a person suffers strong feelings of fear and worry) 指神经机能病的、神经官能症的： the treatment of anxiety in neurotic patients 对神经官能症病人焦虑感的治疗 注释 In informal English neurotic is also used to describe sb who is not suffering from a mental illness, but is not behaving in a calm way because they are worried about sth. 在非正式英语中，neurotic亦用以指未患精神病、但因担忧而变得神经质的人： She became neurotic about keeping the house clean. 她对保持房子清洁有点神经质。 psychotic ( medical ) suffering from or connected with psychosis (= a serious mental illness in which thought and emotions lose connection with external reality) 指精神错乱的、有精神病的 注释 In informal English psychotic is sometimes used to describe anyone suffering from a mental illness, but in correct medical usage it only describes people who have difficulty relating to external reality. It contrasts with neurotic which describes people who are less seriously mentally ill and are still able to distinguish what is real from what
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