
Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. Key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time,the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers,"Padilla-Walker said. "This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an "authoritative" parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian:rigid,demanding or controlling. Rather,an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics:children feel warmth and love from their father;responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy(自主权).
In the study,about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time,children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence,which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence,which is an avenue of future research.
对年轻人来说,适应当今世界并不容易。成功的关键技能是坚持不懈,研究人员表示,这一特征在很大程度上受到父亲的影响。杨百翰大学(Brigham Young University)的研究人员发现,父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习坚持方面处于独特的地位。
杨百翰大学教授劳拉·帕迪拉-沃克和兰德尔·戴在对325个美国家庭进行了数年的跟踪调查后得出了这些发现。随着时间的推移,从父亲那里获得的坚持使孩子在学校取得了更高的成绩。
“相对而言,很少有研究强调父亲的独特作用,”帕迪拉-沃克说。“这项研究还有助于证明,坚持不懈等特征是孩子一生成功的关键,这些特征是可以教会的。”
研究人员认为,爸爸们需要采取一种“权威”的育儿方式。权威型父母不是专制的:死板、苛求或控制。相反,权威型育儿方式包括以下一些特征:孩子从父亲那里感受到温暖和爱;强调责任和规则背后的原因;孩子被赋予适当程度的自主权(自主权)。
在这项研究中,大约52%的父亲表现出高于平均水平的权威教养。一项重要的发现是,随着时间的推移,权威型父亲抚养的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神,从而在学校取得更好的成绩。
这项特别的研究调查了11到14岁生活在双亲家庭的孩子。然而,研究人员表示,单亲父母在教导孩子坚持不懈的好处方面仍可能发挥作用,这是未来研究的一个途径。
句子成分分析:
Key skill set (for success) is persistence (毅力), || a characteristic (that researchers say) is [heavily] influenced [by fathers].
句子语法结构详解:
* 第1个 is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* a 开头为陈述句。
* that 为关系代词,引导定语从句。
* say 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* 第2个 is 为助动词。
* influenced 为谓语,采用一般现在时和被动语态。
* a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
skill set | (某人)一应技能综合 |
Vocabulary:
key [ki:] | a. | 最重要的,主要的,关键的 |
success [sәk'ses] | n. | 1) 成功,胜利,成名 2) 成功者 |
persistence [pә'sistәns] | n. | 1) 坚持,执着,执意 2) 持续存在,维持 |
characteristic [,kærәktә'ristik] | n. | 特征,品质 |
researcher [ri:'sә:tʃә] | n. | 研究人员 |
say [sei] | vt. | 1) 说,讲,告诉 2) 比方说,假设 |
heavily ['hevili] | ad. | 1) 重重地;深重地 2) 大量地 |
influence ['influәns] | vt. | 1) 影响,对……起作用 2) 支配,左右 |
father ['fɑ:ðә] | n. | 1) 父亲 2) 祖先 |
句子成分分析:
[In the study], about 52 percent (of the dads) exhibited above-average levels (of authoritative parenting).
句子语法结构详解:
* exhibited 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* the 为定冠词。
Vocabulary:
study ['stʌdi] | n. | 1) 学习,研究 2) 作业,学业 |
about [ә'baut] | ad. | 1) 大约, 差不多 2) 将近, 几乎 |
52 percent | 52% | |
dad [dæd] | n. | 爸爸;爹爹 |
exhibit [ig'zibit] | vt. | 1) 展列,展出 2) 表现,显示,显出(感情、品质或能力) |
level ['levl] | n. | 1) 水平,级别,层次 2) 水平高度 |
authoritative [ɔ:'θɔritәtiv] | a. | 1) 命令式的,专断的,权威式的 2) 权威性的 |
parenting | n. | 养育;抚养;教养 |
句子成分分析:
Yet the researchers suggest | that single parents still may play a role [in teaching the benefits (of persistence, (which
is an avenue (of future research)))].
句子语法结构详解:
* suggest 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* that 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* play 为谓语。
* teaching 为动名词,作介词宾语。
* which 为关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句。
* is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* may 为情态动词。the 为定冠词。a/an 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
single parent | 单亲家庭 |
Vocabulary:
yet [jet] | conj. | 然而; 但是 |
researcher [ri:'sә:tʃә] | n. | 研究人员 |
suggest [sәg'dʒest] | vt. | 1) 建议,提议 2) 推荐,举荐 |
still [stil] | ad. | 1) 仍然, 还是,还 2) (加强比较级)还要,还有,更 |
play [plei] | vt. | 1) (在电影、话剧中)扮角色,扮演,表演 2) 玩,做(游戏) |
role [rәul] | n. | 1) 职能,地位,角色 2) (演员的)角色 |
teach [ti:tʃ] | vt. | 1) 教(课程),讲授,教授 2) 教,训练 |
benefit ['benifit] | n. | 1) 优势,益处,成效 2) (政府对病人、失业者等提供的)补助金,救济金,抚恤金 |
persistence [pә'sistәns] | n. | 1) 坚持,执着,执意 2) 持续存在,维持 |
avenue ['ævәnju:] | n. | 1) 林荫道(尤指通往大住宅者) 2) (城镇的)大街 |
future ['fju:tʃә] | a. | 将来的,未来的,将来发生的 |
research [ri'sә:tʃ] | n. | 研究,调查,探索 |
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