法国反对派大胜，政府已经被扳倒，马克龙坚决不离职
法国反对派大胜，政府已经被扳倒，马克龙坚决不离职
反对派已获大胜，法国政府已被扳倒，总理递交辞呈，马克龙则坚决不离职，法国政局下一步将何去何从？
一觉醒来法国变天，在12月4号晚上，法国国民议会经过投票表决，通过了一项对政府的不信任动议。一份由左翼阵营提交的不信任动议得到331票支持，而通过不信任动议仅需要288票，法国反对派成功地以43票的优势扳倒了法国政府。上任仅91天的法国总理巴尼耶5号提交辞呈，他成为1958年法兰西第五共和国成立以来任期最短的总理。随着巴尼耶被迫走人，现在的问题是，法国总统马克龙还能撑住吗？
无论如何，法国反对派们这一回援引宪法，合规地迫使总理下台，这是一场扎实的胜利，虽然他们并不能让马克龙直接下台，但针对马克龙的攻势已经展开。比如极右翼党派领导人勒庞就宣称只有总统辞职，才有可能解决法国的制度危机。而一个冷门小党法国爱国者党已发起催促马克龙辞职的请愿，请愿书中称马克龙政府在各个领域的政策都“完全失败”，强调马克龙应该立即下台。该党领导人还呼吁在7号，也就是明天举行示威游行，以催促马克龙辞职。
不难看出，法国反对党们准备一鼓作气，继续把矛头对准马克龙，试图让这位法国总统提前卷铺盖走人。但马克龙在3号就已表明态度，他宣称自己不会在2027年任期结束之前辞职，并强调他的首要任务就是确保政局稳定。可见，马克龙准备顶住压力，坚决站好自己这班岗，至少在短期内，反对派们或许可以呼吁他辞职，但没有强力的手段逼迫马克龙下台，法国总统的人选暂时不会有变。
然而，马克龙可以拒绝辞职，但如何稳定法国政局则是一个难题。在总理巴尼耶走人后，马克龙面临一个艰难的选择，那就是挑选谁来当下一任总理。按照法国的政治体系，总统一般会任命一位可在国民议会获得多数支持的人为总理，但现在的情况是，法国“左中右”三大联盟都没能获得国民议会绝对多数席位。也就是说，无论马克龙任命谁当总理，都会让另外两派有意见，可能引出更多事端，虽然马克龙会努力权衡，但某种程度上说，这就是一个无解的死局，没有太好的出路。
在可预见的未来，法国政局可能不会非常稳定，其内部的政治斗争恐怕会非常激烈，这多多少少会影响法国政府处置外部问题的能力。值得注意的是，本月中旬，德国政府也将迎来不信任投票，届时德国总理朔尔茨将面临巨大考验。一旦德法双巨头都陷入政治内耗，欧盟整体应对外部冲击的能力恐怕会有不小的影响。正值俄乌冲突发酵，特朗普即将上台的关键时刻，德法两国的政局动荡，对欧洲来说着实不是一件好事。
The French opposition has won a big victory, and the government has been overthrown. Macron is determined not to resign
The opposition has won a big victory, the French government has been overthrown, the Prime Minister has submitted his resignation, and Macron is determined not to resign. What will be the next step for the French political situation?
Waking up from a nap, France experienced a sudden change. On the evening of December 4th, the French National Assembly passed a vote of no confidence in the government.
A motion of no confidence submitted by the left-wing camp received 331 votes in support, while only 288 votes were needed to pass the motion. The French opposition successfully toppled the French government with a 43 vote advantage.
French Prime Minister Barnier, who has only been in office for 91 days, submitted his resignation on the 5th, becoming the shortest serving Prime Minister since the establishment of the Fifth French Republic in 1958.
With Barnier forced to leave, the question now is, can French president Macron still hold on?
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In any case, the French opposition has invoked the constitution and lawfully forced the Prime Minister to step down, which is a solid victory. Although they cannot directly remove Macron from office, the offensive against Macron has already begun.
For example, far right party leader Le Pen claimed that only the resignation of the president could solve France's institutional crisis.
And a niche small party, the French Patriot Party, has launched a petition urging Macron to resign, stating that the Macron government's policies in various fields have "completely failed" and emphasizing that Macron should step down immediately.
The party leader also called for a demonstration to be held on the 7th, tomorrow, to urge Macron to resign.
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It is not difficult to see that the French opposition parties are ready to take action and continue to target Macron, trying to make the French president leave early.
But Macron had already expressed his attitude on the 3rd, declaring that he would not resign before the end of his term in 2027 and emphasizing that his top priority is to ensure political stability.
It can be seen that Macron is prepared to withstand pressure and firmly stand in his position. At least in the short term, the opposition may call on him to resign, but there is no strong means to force Macron to step down. The candidate for the French president will not change for the time being.
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However, Macron can refuse to resign, but how to stabilize the political situation in France is a difficult problem.
After Prime Minister Barnier's departure, Macron faced a difficult choice of who to choose as the next prime minister.
According to the French political system, the president usually appoints a prime minister who can receive a majority of support in the National Assembly. However, the current situation is that the three major alliances of left, center, and right in France have not been able to obtain an absolute majority of seats in the National Assembly.
That is to say, no matter who Macron appoints as prime minister, it will make the other two factions have opinions, which may lead to more incidents. Although Macron will try to weigh the pros and cons, to some extent, this is an unsolvable deadlock with no good way out.
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In the foreseeable future, the political situation in France may not be very stable, and internal political struggles may be very intense, which will to some extent affect the French government's ability to deal with external issues.
It is worth noting that in mid month, the German government will also face a vote of no confidence, which will put German Chancellor Scholz to a huge test.
Once both the German and French giants fall into political infighting, the EU's overall ability to respond to external shocks may have a significant impact.
At the critical moment when the Russia-Ukraine conflict is brewing and Trump is about to take office, the political turmoil in Germany and France is really not a good thing for Europe.
1.French Prime Minister Barnier, who has only been in office for 91 days, submitted his resignation on the 5th, becoming the shortest serving Prime Minister since the establishment of the Fifth French Republic in 1958.
句子成分分析：
French Prime Minister Barnier, (who has [only] been in office [for 91 days]), submitted his resignation [on the 5th], becoming the shortest serving Prime Minister [since the establishment (of the Fifth French Republic)] [in 1958].
关系代词 
引导非限制性定语从句。
句子语法结构详解：
(shortest 为 short 的最高级形式)
* who 为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。
* been 为系动词作谓语，采用现在完成时。
* submitted 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* becoming 为现在分词，作状语。
* becoming 为系动词。
* 第2个 Prime Minister 为名词作表语。
* Minister 为名词作表语。
* his 为形容词型物主代词。has 为助动词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| prime minister | 首相 |
Vocabulary:
| French [frentʃ] | a. | 1) 法国的 2) 法国人的 |
| only ['әunli] | ad. | 只; 仅; 仅仅 |
| office ['ɔfis] | n. | 1) 办公室，办公楼 2) 诊室，门诊处 |
| day [dei] | n. | 1) 天, 一日，一天 2) 白天，日间 3) 时代；时期 |
| submit [sәb'mit] | vt. | 1) 提交，呈递（文件、建议等） 2) 顺从，屈服，投降，不得已接受 |
| resignation [,rezig'neiʃәn] | n. | 1) 辞职 2) 辞职信，辞呈 |
| become [bi'kʌm] | vt. | 1) 变得，变成 2) 适合（某人），（与……）相称 |
| short [ʃɔ:t] | a. | 1) 个子矮的 2) 短的 |
| serving ['sә:viŋ] | n. | （供一个人吃的）一份食物 |
| since [sins] | prep. | 自(从)...以来, 从...以后 |
| establishment [i'stæbliʃmәnt] | n. | 1) 机构，大型组织，酒店，企业 2) （通常反对改变的）当权者，权威人士 |
| fifth [fifθ] | num | 第五 |
| republic [ri'pʌblik] | n. | 共和国，共和政体 |
句子相关学习点：
have gone to, have been to 和 have been in 的区别 现在分词作状语和不定式作状语的区别 in 和 after 后接时间的区别
2. At least in the short term, the opposition may call on him to resign, but there is no strong means to force Macron to step down. The candidate for the French president will not change for the time being.
句子成分分析：
[At least] [in the short term], the opposition may call on him to resign, || but there is no strong means to force Macron to step down.
The candidate (for the French president) will not change [for the time being].
句子语法结构详解：
* call 为谓语。
* to resign 为不定式，作状语。
* but 为并列连词，连接并列句，表转折。
* there 引导 there be ... 句型, 表示“有”的意思。
* is 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* to force 为不定式，作状语。
* to step 为不定式，作宾语补足语(或称复合宾语)。
* change 为谓语，采用一般将来时。
* may, will 为情态动词。him 为人称代词宾格。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| at least | 1) 至少；不少于 2) 起码 (用于对否定情况补充肯定的评论) |
| in the short term | 短期, 短期内 |
| the Opposition | 反对派 |
| call on... | 1) 拜访, 访问 2) 邀请, 要求(某人讲话等) 3) 请求, 要求(某人做某事) 4) 号召,呼吁 |
| step down | 1) 走下来 2) 让位, 退位 |
| for the time being | 暂时, 眼下 |
Vocabulary:
| resign [ri'zain] | vi. | 辞职 |
| but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
| strong [strɔŋ] | a. | 1) 强壮的 2) 强的，强劲的 |
| means [mi:nz] | n. | 1) 方法, 手段 2) 金钱, 财富 |
| force [fɔ:s] | vt. | 1) 强迫，迫使（某人做某事） 2) 用力，强行（把……移动） |
| macron | n. | (语言)长音符；平调符 |
| candidate ['kændideit] | n. | 1) 候选人，申请者 2) 应试者，投考者 |
| French [frentʃ] | a. | 1) 法国的 2) 法国人的 |
| president ['prezidәnt] | n. | 1) 总统，国家主席 2) 主席,会长, 负责人 |
| change [tʃeindʒ] | vi. | 1) 改变，变化 2) 变换，改换 |
3. After Prime Minister Barnier's departure, Macron faced a difficult choice of who to choose as the next prime minister. According to the French political system, the president usually appoints a prime minister who can receive a majority of support in the National Assembly.
句子成分分析：
[After Prime Minister Barnier's departure], Macron faced a difficult choice (of {who to choose}) as the next prime minister.
[According to the French political system], the president usually appoints a prime minister (who can receive a majority (of support) in the National Assembly).
句子语法结构详解：
* faced 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* 第1个 who 为连接代词，引导宾语从句。
* to choose 为不定式。
* appoints 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* 第2个 who 为关系代词，引导定语从句。
* receive 为谓语。
* can 为情态动词。Barnier's 为名词所有格。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| prime minister | 首相 |
| according to | 根据，据（某人）所述 |
Vocabulary:
| after ['ɑ:ftә] | prep. | 1) (时间、次序或位置)在...之后 2) 仅次于 |
| departure [di'pɑ:tʃә] | n. | 1) 启程，出发，离走 2) 某特定时间离开的飞机、火车 |
| macron | n. | (语言)长音符；平调符 |
| face [feis] | vt. | 1) 面对，面向，正对 2) 面临，必须对付（某情况） |
| difficult ['difikәlt] | a. | 1) 困难的，费力的，难做的，难解的 2) 问题很多的，充满艰难困苦的，麻烦的 |
| choice [tʃɔis] | n. | 1) 选择，抉择 2) 选择权 |
| choose [tʃu:z] | vt. | 1) 选择，挑选，选取 2) 宁愿，情愿，决定 |
| as [æz] | prep. | 1) 作为, 当作 2) 像，如同 |
| next ['nekst] | a. | 1) 下一个的， 紧接着的，接下来的 2) 紧随其后的，下一个的 |
| French [frentʃ] | a. | 1) 法国的 2) 法国人的 |
| political [pә'litikl] | a. | 1) 政治的，政府的，政权的 2) 政党的，党派的 |
| system ['sistәm] | n. | 1) 系统 2) （思想或理论）体系 |
| president ['prezidәnt] | n. | 1) 总统，国家主席 2) 主席,会长, 负责人 |
| usually ['ju:ʒuәli] | ad. | 通常地，正常地，一般地，经常地 |
| appoint [ә'pɔint] | vt. | 1) 任命，委任 2) 安排，确定（时间、地点） |
| receive [ri'si:v] | vt. | 1) 拿到，接到，收到 2) 体验，受到（某种待遇或伤害） |
| majority [mә'dʒɔriti] | n. | 1) 大部分，大多数 2) 获胜的票数，多数票 |
| support [sә'pɔ:t] | n. | 1) 支持，帮助 2) 支援，救助 |
| national ['næʃәnәl] | a. | 1) 国家的，民族的，全国的 2) 国有的，国立的，国营的 |
| assembly [ә'sembli] | n. | 1) 装配; 安装 2) 集会，集合 |
句子相关学习点：
as, when, while 的区别 can 与 be able to 的区别
4.In the foreseeable future, the political situation in France may not be very stable, and internal political struggles may be very intense, which will to some extent affect the French government's ability to deal with external issues.
句子成分分析：
In the foreseeable future,
the political situation (in France) may not be very stable,
and internal political struggles may be very intense,
which will (to some extent) affect the French government's ability to deal with external issues.
句子语法结构详解：
* 第1个 be 为系动词作谓语。
* stable 为形容词作表语。
* 第2个 be 为系动词作谓语。
* intense 为形容词作表语。
* which 为疑问代词，引导特殊疑问句。
* affect 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* to deal 为不定式，作后置定语。
* may 为情态动词。government's 为名词所有格。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
| to some extent | 在某种程度上 |
| deal with... | 1) 对付， 处理 2) 论及，涉及 |
Vocabulary:
| foreseeable ['fɔ:'si:әbl] | a. | 可预料的；可预见的；可预知的 |
| future ['fju:tʃә] | n. | 1) [语法]将来式 2) 未来 |
| political [pә'litikl] | a. | 1) 政治的，政府的，政权的 2) 政党的，党派的 |
| situation [,sitju'eiʃәn] | n. | 1) 情况，状况， 形势 2) 地点，地理位置 |
| France [frɑ:ns] | n. | 法国 |
| not [nɔt] | ad. | 1) 不，没有 2) 不没有 |
| very ['veri] | ad. | 1) 很, 非常 2) (用于形容词最高级或单词own之前, 表强调)真正, 十足 |
| stable ['steibl] | a. | 1) 稳定的，稳固的，牢固的 2) 稳重的，沉稳的，持重的 |
| internal [in'tә:nәl] | a. | 1) 内部的，里面的 2) 体内的 |
| struggle ['strʌgl] | n. | 1) 斗争，挣扎，奋斗 2) 搏斗，打斗（尤指为了逃跑，抢夺） |
| intense [in'tens] | a. | 1) 很大的，十分强烈的，极端的 2) 严肃紧张的，激烈的 |
| will [wil] | n. | 1) 意志， 意志力 2) 遗嘱 |
| affect [ә'fekt] | vt. | 1) 影响 2) （疾病）侵袭，感染 |
| French [frentʃ] | a. | 1) 法国的 2) 法国人的 |
| government ['gʌvәnmәnt] | n. | 1) 政府 2) 政体 |
| ability [ә'biliti] | n. | 1) 能力 2) 才能，本领，才智 |
| external [ik'stә:nl] | a. | 1) 外部的，外面的 2) 外界的，外来的，在外的 |
| issue ['isju] | n. | 1) （有关某事的）问题，担忧 2) 重要议题，争论的问题 3) 发行，分发 4) 一期，期号 |
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