2021年江西省南昌市高三下学期模拟（一）英语试卷阅读选择D篇

Public transport is declining in the rich world. To those who have to squeeze onto the number 25 bus in London, or the A train in New York, the change might not be noticeable. But public transport is becoming less busy in those places, and passenger numbers are flat or falling in almost every American city despite healthy growth in urban populations and employment.

Although transport agencies blame their unpopularity on things like roadworks and broken signals, it seems more likely that they are being outcompeted. App-based taxi services like Uber and Lyft are more comfortable and convenient than trains or buses. Cycling is nicer than it was, and rental bikes are more widely available. Cars are cheap to buy, thanks to cut-rate loans, and ever cheaper to run. Online shopping, home working and office-sharing mean more people can avoid travelling altogether.

The competition is only likely to grow. More than one laboratory is developing new transport technologies and applications. Silicon Valley invented Uber and, more recently, apps that let people rent electric scooters(滑板车) and then abandon them on the pavement. China created sharing-bicycles and battery-powered "e-bikes", both of which are spreading.

Transport agencies should accept the upstarts(新兴方式), and copy them. Cities tend either to ignore app-based services or to try to push them off the streets. That is understandable, given the rules-are-for-losers attitude of firms like Uber. But it is an error.

It is doubtful that most people make hard distinctions between public and private transport. They just want to get somewhere, and there is a cost in time, money and comfort. An ideal system would let them move across a city for a single payment, transferring from trains to taxis to bicycles as needed. Building a platform to allow that is hard, and requires much effort of traditional networks as well as technology firms. It is probably the secret to keeping cities moving.

发达国家的公共交通正在减少。对于那些不得不挤上伦敦的25路公交车或纽约的A列车的人来说，这种变化可能并不明显。但这些地方的公共交通正变得不那么繁忙，尽管城市人口和就业状况健康增长，但几乎每个美国城市的乘客人数都持平或下降。

尽管运输机构将其不受欢迎归咎于道路工程和信号灯故障等问题，但他们似乎更有可能被击败。优步（Uber）和Lyft等基于应用程序的出租车服务比火车或公共汽车更舒适、更方便。骑自行车比以前更好了，租赁自行车也更广泛了。得益于低利率贷款，汽车的购买成本很低，而且运行成本也越来越低。网上购物、在家办公和共享办公室意味着更多的人可以完全避免旅行。

竞争只会愈演愈烈。不止一个实验室正在开发新的运输技术和应用。硅谷发明了优步，最近还发明了让人们租用电动滑板车的应用程序(滑板车) 然后把它们扔在人行道上。中国创造了共享自行车和电池驱动的“电动自行车”，这两种自行车都在传播。

运输机构应该接受这些暴发户(新兴方式), 并复制它们。城市往往要么忽视基于应用程序的服务，要么试图将其推下街头。这是可以理解的，因为优步等公司的规则是为失败者服务的。但这是一个错误。

令人怀疑的是，大多数人对公共交通和私人交通做出了严格的区分。他们只想去某个地方，这需要时间、金钱和舒适度。一个理想的系统可以让他们在一个城市里移动，只需支付一笔费用，根据需要从火车到出租车再到自行车。建立一个允许这样做的平台很难，需要传统网络和科技公司付出很大努力。这可能是保持城市运转的秘密。

句子成分分析：

[To those (who have to squeeze [onto the number] 25 bus [in London, or the A train] [in New York])], the change 

might not be noticeable.

句子语法结构详解：

* who 为关系代词，引导定语从句。
* squeeze 为谓语。
* onto the number 为介词短语作状语，被移位到宾语之前。
* be 为系动词作谓语。
* noticeable 为形容词作表语。
* have to, may 为情态动词。those 为指示代词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Silicon Valley invented Uber and, <more recently>, apps (that let people rent electric scooters(滑板车) and [then] 

abandon them [on the pavement]).

句子语法结构详解：

* invented 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* that 为关系代词，引导定语从句。
* let 为谓语。
* rent 为不带 to 的不定式，作宾语补足语(或称复合宾语)。
* abandon 为不带 to 的不定式。
* them 为人称代词宾格。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Building a platform to allow that is hard, and requires much effort (of traditional networks as well as 

technology firms).

句子语法结构详解：

* Building 为动名词，在句中作主语。
* to allow 为不定式，作状语。
* is 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* hard 为形容词作表语。
* requires 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* that 为指示代词。a 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

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