高考英语模拟试题阅读理解精选编讲第197篇——秒词邦微信小程序

Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

   “The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

   Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

   Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

坏消息很畅销。如果流血，它就会领导。没有消息就是好消息，好消息就是没有消息。这些都是晚间广播和早报的经典规则。但现在，信息正以不同的方式传播和监控，研究人员正在发现新的规律。通过跟踪人们的电子邮件和网上帖子，科学家们发现，好消息比灾难和悲伤的故事传播得更快、更远。

宾夕法尼亚大学(University of Pennsylvania)的学者乔纳•伯杰(Jonah Berger)表示:“‘如果流血’原则适用于大众媒体。”“他们想要你的眼球，而不在乎你的感受。但当你和朋友分享一个故事时，你会更关心他们的反应。你不想让他们认为你是黛比·唐纳(Debbie Downer)。”

研究人员分析了口头传播——电子邮件、网络帖子和评论、面对面的交谈——发现它往往比消极的更积极，但这并不一定意味着人们更喜欢积极的新闻。积极的消息更常被分享，仅仅是因为人们经历的好事比坏事多吗?为了测试这种可能性，伯杰博士研究了人们如何传播一组特定的新闻故事:《纽约时报》网站上的数千篇文章。他和宾夕法尼亚大学的一位同事分析了六个月来“邮件发送最多”的名单。他最初的发现之一是，科学板块的文章比非科学板块的文章更有可能上榜。他发现，科学让《纽约时报》的读者感到惊讶，并让他们想要与他人分享这种积极的感觉。

读者也倾向于分享那些令人兴奋或有趣的文章，或者那些激发了愤怒或焦虑等负面情绪的文章，而不是那些仅仅让他们悲伤的文章。不管怎样，他们都需要被唤醒，而且他们更喜欢好消息而不是坏消息。正如伯杰博士在他的新书《传染性:为什么事情会流行》(Contagious: Why Things Catch On)中所解释的那样，一篇文章越积极，就越有可能被分享。以上翻译结果来自有道神经网络翻译（YNMT）· 通用场景

句子成分分析：

Those are the classic (rules [for the evening] broadcasts) and the morning papers.

句子语法结构详解：

* are 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* rules 开头为定语从句，引导词 that 被省略。
* broadcasts 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* those 为指示代词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

[By tracking people's emails and online posts], scientists have found | that good news can spread [faster] and farther 

[than disasters and sob stories].

句子语法结构详解：

(found 为 find 的过去分词。faster 为 fast 的比较级形式, farther 为 far 的比较级形式)

* tracking 为动名词，作介词宾语。
* found 为谓语，采用现在完成时。
* that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* spread 为谓语。
* can 为情态动词。have 为助动词。people's 为名词所有格。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Was positive news shared [more often] || [simply] because people experienced more good things [than bad things]?

句子语法结构详解：

* 助动词 was 引导一般疑问句。
* shared 为谓语，采用一般过去时和被动语态。
* because 为连词，引导原因状语从句。
* experienced 为谓语，采用一般过去时。

句子相关词汇解释：

Vocabulary:

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