40篇文章搞定3500词【秒词邦全国高考冲刺资料研发中心-衡水内部资料引用文献】-33. Mark and a Seal
原文：
Mark rented an accommodation with his pension near the shore. He paid annual visits there to enjoy the vivid beauty in the depths of the pure sea.
Once, with his underwater telescope and flashlight, Mark dived along the boundary between the steep reef and the area of seaweed conservation. Suddenly, an awesome Antarctic seal with sharp teeth appeared opposite him. Every cell in his body was scared to death. But soon, he was aware that he wasn’t the target of an attack. With a neat wound in its lip caused by a shark, this grey seal was washed upside down by the tides time after time. But it tried to jog Mark as if to urge him to help it. So Mark abandoned fleeing away. With its teamwork, Mark used a net to drag the seal to the shallow water. Without pausing he helped it out after a simple operation and settled it in a narrow cave by the seaside. Every time he brought it tasty fish, it would yell and suck his hands happily. Witnesses said their anecdotes reflected a magic dimension of the relationship between humans and animals.
译文：
马克和海豹
马克用他的退休金在海岸边租了一间住所，每年都去那儿欣赏纯净的大海深处那生动的美丽。
有一次，马克带着他的水下望远镜和手电筒，潜到陡峭的暗礁和海草保护区间的分界线。突然，一只长着尖利牙齿、使人畏惧的南极海豹出现在他对面。马克吓坏了，但是很快，他就意识到，他不是攻击的目标。这只灰色海豹的唇上有道鲨鱼咬出的整齐伤口，还时不时地被潮水冲得头上脚下。尽管如此，它却总是努力轻轻碰撞马克，似乎在催促他帮助它。于是马克放弃了逃跑。在这只海豹的合作下，马克用一张网把它拖到浅水区，并毫不停歇给它动了一个简单的手术，帮助它解决了问题，然后将它安置在海边一个狭窄的洞里。每次当马克给它带来鲜美可口的鱼时，它就会高兴地大声叫唤，还吮吸他的手。目击者都说他们的轶事映射出人与动物关系中奇妙的一面。
拼写填空：
Mark _____________ [租] an _____________ [住所] with his _____________ [退休金] near the _____________ [海岸]. He paid _____________ [年度的] _____________ [参观] there to _____________ [享受] the vivid _____________ [美丽] in the _____________ [深处] of the _____________ [纯净] sea.
Once, with his underwater _____________ [望远镜] and flashlight, Mark dived along the boundary _____________ [在……之间] the _____________ [陡峭的] reef and the area of seaweed _____________ [保护区]. _____________ [突然], an awesome Antarctic seal with _____________ [锋利的] teeth _____________ [出现] _____________ [在对面] him. Every cell in his body was scared to _____________ [dead]. But soon, he was _____________ [意识到] that he wasn’t the _____________ [目标] of an _____________ [攻击]. With a neat _____________ [伤口] in its lip caused by a _____________ [鲨鱼], this grey seal was washed _____________ [倒置地] by the tides time after time. But it tried to jog Mark as if to _____________ [催促] him to help it. So Mark _____________ [abandon] fleeing away. With its _____________ [团队合作], Mark used a net to _____________ [拖] the seal to the _____________ [浅的] water. Without pausing he helped it out after a simple _____________ [手术] and settled it in a _____________ [狭小的] cave by the _____________ [海边]. Every time he _____________ [bring] it tasty fish, it would yell and suck his hands _____________ [开心地]. _____________ [目击者] said their anecdotes reflected a _____________ [有魔力的] dimension of the _____________ [关系] between _____________ [人类] and _____________ [动物].
短语句型：
序号 | 短语/句型 | 意义 | 例句 |
1 | be aware that | 意识到 | |
你有没有意识到已经出了问题？ | |||
2 | upside down | 倒置地 | |
这幅画挂颠倒了。 | |||
3 | urge sb. to do sth. | 敦促/强烈要求某人做某事 | He urged restraint on the security forces. |
他竭力主张限制安全部队。 | |||
4 | help sb. out | 帮助某人摆脱困境、解决困难 | |
快过来帮帮我！ | |||
5 | by the seaside | 在海边 | Who had picnics by the seaside yesterday? |
昨天我们在海边野炊了。 |
长难句型：
1 | 原句 | Once, with his underwater telescope and flashlight, Mark dived along the boundary between the steep reef and the area of seaweed conservation. |
解析 | (1) once，时间状语副词。with：带着、随着，典型的介词+名词短语作伴随、原因、条件等状语。 (2) Mark（人名）是主语，dived（跳水）是谓语动词。注意：在本句中，很明显是Mark自己主动跳，所以主语和谓语动词的关系是一种主动的关系，故而不用被动语态，希望大家能够举一反三判断一个句子的谓语动词到底要不要用被动语态。你用上述逻辑就可以解决90%的被动及主动语态问题。dive是不及物动词，后面如果要接对象名词必须要先接介词再接名词（宾语）。所以这里是：dived along the boundary。 (3) between……conservation是介词短语作后置定语修饰the boundary。后置定语如果不是很长，一般要先翻译后置定语再翻译其修饰的中性词，否则就用解释说明性的文字翻译。这里我们选择先翻译后置定语的方式：有一次，马克带着水下望远镜和手电筒，沿着陡峭的珊瑚礁和海藻保护区之间的边界潜入水中。 (4) 这里的翻译顺序明显做了处理：with前面没有人名，但是我把Mark翻译到with前面来了。所以dived前后就不需要再翻译出Mark。大家一定要学会灵活处理。 | |
2 | 原句 | With a neat wound in its lip caused by a shark, this grey seal was washed upside down by the tides time after time. |
解析 | (1) with+名词（With a neat wound）短语作原因状语。in its lip是介词短语作后置定语修饰wound。伤口（wound）和引起（cause）的关系是被引起（肯定不是自己搞得伤口），所以说“伤口是怎么引起的”的时候，必须要用被动的概念，又因为不能用谓语动词的被动语态（be+done），所以直接用过去分词（done）表被动，同时还不是谓语，这不就两全其美了吗？因为句子的was已经是系动词（谓语动词）了，其他地方再出现动词都得用非谓语动词。 (2) 非谓语动词caused（被引起）后面要加名词必须要先接介词。有同学可能会说，by不就是被的概念吗？为何还要把cause变为过去分词（done）表被动？切记：英语中的被动语态的概念最核心的不是由介词by或者其他表示被的单词决定的，而是由动词本身的变化决定的，这个道理与时态相同，比如过去时态，你不能因为加了一个副词ago（过去）就说动词不要变为过去式（did）了，即使你加了ago，貌似“过去”这个概念有了，但是你还是得把动词变为过去时，这一点和中文不同，中文只要加一个表示“过去”的时间状语就可以，动词压根不发生变化。 (3) this grey seal是句子的主语：名词seal前面有一个指代性的形容词和普通形容词。两个形容词可以扎堆来共同修饰名词，所以可以有如下结构：形容词1+形容词2+名词（两个形容词共同修饰名词）或副词+形容词+名词（副词修饰形容词，再由形容词修饰名词）。 (4) 海豹（seal）和冲（wash）的关系肯定是海豹被冲走（不可能自己把自己冲走），所以谓语动词要用被动语态：was washed（谓语动词被动语态的固定结构是be+done，be动词在使用的过程中要具体化为is/was/are/were等，这主要是用来体现具体的时态以及单复数的）。 (5) 副词upside down修饰被冲以后的状态。by the tides：be+done后面如果要说明被某事某物怎样，一般要加介词再接某事物。time after time：一次又一次，复合频率副词。 (6) 所以整个句子的意思与结构就非常清晰了：这只灰色海豹的唇上有道鲨鱼咬出的整齐伤口，还时不时地被潮水冲得头上脚下。 | |
3 | 原句 | Without pausing he helped it out after a simple operation and settled it in a narrow cave by the seaside. |
解析 | (1) without+名词或动名词短语表示原因、条件、伴随等状态。这里翻译为：不停地，不迟疑地，毫不犹豫地。 (2) he是主语，helped是谓语，it为宾语。 (3) after a simple operation介词+名词作时间状语。 (4) 并列连词并列左右两边的谓语动词helped和settled，共用主语he，所以大家把这两个部分各自翻译出来即可。 (5) in a narrow cave by the seaside又是典型的两个介词短语堆砌的情况（in a narrow cave和by the seaside），相信大家已经很熟悉了。 (6) 翻译结果：在做了一个简单的手术后，他毫不犹豫地帮助它走出困境，把它安置在海边一个狭窄的洞穴里。请大家自己体会本句翻译的顺序和细节处理，以及和原句的差异所在，慢慢感受翻译的技巧和节奏。 |
核心考点：
1 | 单词怎么摆？ | Mark rented an accommodation with his pension near the shore.我们探讨一下本问题： 主语位置肯定要放一个名词（人或物），然后放谓语动词（这里是过去式）rented，谓语后面要接宾语an accommodation（如果谓语是不及物动词则要先接介词再接宾语）。到此主谓宾语都有了，你再接其他成分，如果是接动词，就要变非谓语或者从句，如果要接名词就要先接介词，比如这里接了两个介词+名词词组（1.with his pension；2.near the shore）。类似结构举例：A year ago, the famous astronaut received [an invitation by airmail from a remote village]. 一年前，这位著名的宇航员收到了来自一个偏远村庄的航空邀请。 |
2 | 近似词 | steep adj.陡峭的；step n.步子，步伐。attack 攻击；attract 吸引。 |
3 | 名词复数teeth | goose鹅 复数geese；tooth牙齿 复数teeth；foot脚 复数feet。而book、room却不改ee，因为改oo为ee会非常难读，所以古人就换了一种方法来表示foot和tooth的复数形式。 |
4 | brought | brought是bring的过去式过去分词。类似改法的单词总结如下：ought：bring→brought think→thought fight→fought buy→bought；aught：teach→taught catch→caught |
5 | 多义词 | animal：动物，畜生（骂人用）；time：时间，次数；operation：操作，经营，手术。 |
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