40篇文章搞定3500词【秒词邦全国高考冲刺资料研发中心-衡水内部资料引用文献】-30. A Volcano Eruption
原文：
As the best candidate, I was appointed to collect and evaluate information for a database about diverse natural disasters, such as hurricanes, typhoons or thunderstorms. Sometimes I did this by giving out questionnaires to those who went through them. But sometimes I had to go through actual disasters myself. The Musaki Volcano was one of them.
At that time, I lived in a bungalow alongside the volcano with a novelist, who came for the appreciation of its eruption. One day, when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he was bathing inside, the volcano erupted unexpectedly. The ash and lava fountains shooting highly in the sky varied from 50 to 100 meters in height. It was absolutely fantastic! I even noticed a rainbow appear in the fog caused by a heat wave.
But, glancing through our surroundings, I foresaw the potential danger and found no guarantee of our safety. The uncomfortable gas almost made us unconscious. Sweats of anxiety began to drop. Managing to stop panicking and trembling, we quickly put on our protective suits, helmets and boots and eventually made our way to a safe place. How lucky we were even though my precious equipment and documents were all burnt to the ground!
译文：
火山爆发
作为最好的候选人，我被委派为一个数据库收集和评估各种自然灾害的信息，例如飓风、台风或雷暴等。有时我通过向经历过这些灾害的人分发调查问卷来收集信息，有时却得亲自经历实际的灾害。Musaki火山就是其中之一。
那时，我和一名来欣赏火山爆发的小说家同住在火山边上的一座平房里。有一天，当我正在阳台上画图表而他在屋里洗澡时，火山突然爆发了，喷射到天空中的火山灰和岩浆喷泉从50米到100米不等，这一情景绝对的奇异，我甚至还注意到一条彩虹出现在热浪造成的雾里。
然而，我向四周看了一下，马上预见到了潜在的危险，也发现了我们的安全毫无保障。令人不舒服的气体几乎使我们失去知觉，忧虑的汗水开始流淌下来。我们努力使自己不要惊慌和颤抖，迅速穿上保护套装、头盔和靴子，最后成功前往安全的地方。尽管我珍贵的设备和文件都烧得精光，但是我们真的很幸运啊！
拼写填空：
As the best _____________ [竞聘者，候选人], I was _____________ [指派，委派] to _____________ [收集] and _____________ [评估] _____________ [信息] for a _____________ [数据库] about _____________ [各种的] natural _____________ [灾害], such as hurricanes, typhoons or _____________ [暴风雨]. Sometimes I did this by giving out _____________ [问卷] to those who went through them. But sometimes I had to go through _____________ [实际的] _____________ [灾难] myself. The Musaki Volcano was one of them.
At that time, I lived in a bungalow alongside the _____________ [火山] with a _____________ [小说家], who came for the _____________ [欣赏] of its _____________ [erupt]. One day, when I was _____________ [draw] diagrams on the balcony and he was bathing _____________ [在里面], the volcano erupted _____________ [意外地]. The ash and lava _____________ [喷泉] shooting highly in the sky varied from 50 to 100 meters in _____________ [高度]. It was _____________ [绝对地] _____________ [奇异景色的]! I even noticed a _____________ [彩虹] _____________ [出现] in the fog caused by a _____________ [热浪].
But, glancing through our _____________ [周围], I _____________ [预见] the _____________ [潜在的] _____________ [危险] and found no guarantee of our _____________ [安全]. The _____________ [不舒服的] gas almost made us _____________ [无意识的]. _____________ [汗水] of _____________ [焦虑] began to _____________ [流淌，掉]. _____________ [manage] to stop panicking and _____________ [颤抖], we quickly _____________ [穿上] our protective suits, helmets and boots and eventually made our way to _____________ [一个安全的地方]. How lucky we were even _____________ [尽管] my _____________ [宝贵的] equipment and _____________ [文件] were all _____________ [burn] to the ground!
短语句型：
长难句型：
1 | 原句 | As the best candidate, I was appointed to collect and evaluate information for a database about diverse natural disasters, such as hurricanes, typhoons or thunderstorms. |
解析 | (1) 介词as+名词短语作状语，交代整个句子的（条件）背景。这个句型已多次出现，希望同学们不仅要认识和会翻译，也要在写作过程中有意识地用到。 (2) I是主干的主语,I和appoint（委任）的关系是被委派，不可能我自己委任自己，所以是被动语态。被委派的目的是什么？ to collect and evaluate information（to do表目的），and并列两个动词，并共用动词不定式标志to，还原以后其实是：to collect information and to evaluate. (3) for a database about diverse natural disasters是“介词+名词+介词+名词”，两个介词短语堆砌在一起，这是非常常见的组合方法，同学们要大胆使用，只要这两个介词短语在意义上符合整个句子的语义需求就是没问题的，所以你不要担心这么组合在一起是否有问题，英语注重形，不太注重意，所以只要形式上的规则没问题就是对的。 (4) such as+名词是介词短语，用于举例和补充说明有哪些具体的natural disasters（自然灾害）。 (5) 本句最后翻译为：作为最好的候选人，我被委派为一个数据库收集和评估各种自然灾害的信息，例如飓风、台风或雷暴等。 | |
2 | 原句 | But, glancing through our surroundings, I foresaw the potential danger and found no guarantee of our safety. |
解析 | (1) but为发语词，后面打逗号或不打逗号接句子，表示转折的意义。 (2) glancing是现在分词短语做状语，glance本身为不及物动词（共用逗号后的主语I），所以要先接介词through再接名词our surroundings。 (3) 主干是I foresaw……and found……。显然，有两个谓语动词（foresaw和found），并由并列连词and连接。这两个谓语动词都是及物动词，后面都直接接宾语。 (4) 分析清楚上述结构以后，本句翻译就很简单了：但是，我向四周看了一下，马上预见到了潜在的危险，也发现了我们的安全毫无保障。注意：“马上”这个词在原句并没有对应的单词，而是根据句子所给的场景进行意译得出的，阅读理解完全可以进行意译，只要不过分地脱离原意，一般都没什么问题。 | |
3 | 原句 | How lucky we were even though my precious equipment and documents were all burnt to the ground! |
解析 | (1) 本句是一个感叹句，仍然遵循主谓宾主系表的翻译顺序进行处理，在中文末尾加上“啊”等表示感叹的字眼即可，比如：How lucky we were! 我们是多么的幸运啊！ (2) even though……引导让步状语从句，状语从句的翻译顺序可以根据整个句意来进行适当调整，有时候先翻译主句较好，但有时候先翻译从句会更通顺。 (3) my precious equipment and documents是状语从句的主语（由and并列两个主语，共用形容词性物主代词my）。 (4) were all burnt to the ground为主句的谓语（were all burnt，all是副词修饰burnt），to the ground为补语。 (5) 整句翻译为：尽管我珍贵的设备和文件都烧得精光，但是我们真的很幸运啊！ |
核心考点：
1 | or可以用在肯定句？ | 并列连词and用在肯定句，or用在否定句和疑问句，但是or有时候也可以用在肯定句，具体要看语境和意义，and表示两者或三者之间同时满足或同时包含，or表示同时只有一个满足或包含。所以大家应该能够理解本文中如下句子：As the best candidate,……, such as hurricanes, typhoons or thunderstorms. |
2 | sometimes相关单词区别 | (1) sometime是副词，意为“在某人不确定的时间”，“在某个时候”，“有朝一日”，可以与将来时连用，也可以和过去时连用。如： (2) She was there sometime last year. (3) some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，作时间状语用，谓语动词用延续性动词。如： (4) They'll stay here for some time. (5) some times意为“几次，几倍”，表示次数或倍数。如： (6) We have been there some times. (7) sometimes意为“有时”，表示频度，可以指过去、现在或将来的时间概念。如： (8) I go to the cinema sometimes. |
3 | in+名词短语 | in height 高度；in danger 在危险中；in case 万一；in front of 在什么物体的前方；in the front of 在物体的前部；in one's way 挡了某人的路；in that case 如果是那样的话；in accord with 与……一致；in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据；in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之；in addition to（=as well as, besides, other than）除……外；in advance（before in time）预告, 事先；in agreement（with）同意, 一致；in the air 1)不肯定，不具体；2)在谣传中；in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计 |
4 | to do省略to | 有很多短语的do前的to其实是被省略了，比如let sb. do；see sb. do；notice sb. do；help sb. do；make sb. do。但是to也不能还原，因为已经成为使用习惯。 |
5 | 感叹句 | 有两种表达：1.how+形容词/副词+（冠词）+（名词）+主语+谓语/系动词。如：How beautiful she is！2.what+(冠词）+（形容词）+名词+主语+谓语/系动词。如：What a beautiful girl she is！ |
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