
Do you live in a city where looking up the air quality forecast is just as important as checking the weather forecast for the day? Many places around the world have terrible pollution problems. But now new research suggests that we might be able to protect ourselves,naturally and easily— simply by taking vitamin B.
The study was conducted by a team of international researchers. Their focus was on a pollutant known as PM2.5. Its size, approximately l/40th the width of a human hair, makes it particularly dangerous because it is readily inhaled and small enough to spread through the body via the blood. This can cause damage to the lungs if PM2.5 is being breathed in regularly.
The current experiment involved subjects being exposed to clean air and a placebo(安慰剂) to record baseline responses. They were given the placebo for four weeks, then exposed through a face mask to air from a highly polluted area in downtown Toronto. The researchers measured methylation (甲基化) changes to DNA; the damage increased in each participant. However, in the repeated experiment, when the volunteers were given a vitamin supplement containing 1 milligram of vitamin B12, 50 mg of vitamin B6, and 2.5 mg of folic acid daily for four weeks, it reduced the damage to the DNA by a range of 28 to 76 percent.
The results indicate how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the harmful effects of PM2.5. However, researchers stressed that research was in its early stages. Future studies, especially in heavily polluted areas, are urgently needed and they’ll finally develop preventive measures using B vitamins to prevent the health effects of air pollution.
你生活的城市里,查询空气质量预报和查看当天的天气预报一样重要吗?世界上许多地方都存在严重的污染问题。但现在新的研究表明,我们可能能够自然轻松地保护自己——只需服用维生素B。
这项研究是由一个国际研究小组进行的。他们关注的是一种被称为PM2.5的污染物。它的大小大约是人类头发宽度的1/40,这使得它特别危险,因为它很容易被吸入,而且足够小,可以通过血液在体内传播。如果定期吸入PM2.5,这可能会对肺部造成损害。
目前的实验涉及受试者暴露在清洁空气和安慰剂中(安慰剂) 以记录基线响应。他们接受了为期四周的安慰剂治疗,然后通过口罩暴露在多伦多市中心一个高污染地区的空气中。研究人员测量了甲基化(甲基化) DNA的变化;每个参与者的伤害都在增加。然而,在重复的实验中,当志愿者在四周内每天服用含有1毫克维生素B12、50毫克维生素B6和2.5毫克叶酸的维生素补充剂时,对DNA的损伤减少了28%至76%。
研究结果表明,如何在个人层面上进行预防,以对抗PM2.5的有害影响。然而,研究人员强调,这项研究还处于早期阶段。迫切需要未来的研究,特别是在污染严重的地区,他们最终将制定使用B族维生素的预防措施,以防止空气污染对健康的影响。
句子成分分析:
Do you live in a city (where looking up the air quality forecast is just as important [as checking the weather forecast -
[for the day]])?
句子语法结构详解:
* 助动词 do 引导一般疑问句。
* live 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* where 为关系副词,引导定语从句。
* looking 为动名词,在句中作主语。
* is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* 句中含有用于比较的结构 as...as...,意为“和……一样……”
* important 为形容词作表语。
* checking 为动名词,作介词宾语。
* you 为人称代词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
look...up | 查阅, 查检(参考书等) |
air quality | 空气质量 |
weather forecast | 天气预报 |
as...as... | 与...一样... |
Vocabulary:
live [liv] | vi. | 1) 居住, 住 2) 活,活着,生存 |
city ['siti] | n. | 1) 城市; 都市; 市 2) 全市市民 |
forecast ['fɔ:kɑ:st] | n. | 预报,预测 |
important [im'pɔ:tәnt] | a. | 1) 重要的,有重大影响的,有巨大价值的 2) 影响很大的,权威的 |
check [tʃek] | vt. | 1) 检查,审查,查核,检验 2) 查明,查看,核实 |
day [dei] | n. | 1) 天, 一日,一天 2) 白天,日间 3) 时代;时期 |
句子成分分析:
This can cause damage (to the lungs) || if PM2.5 is being breathed in [regularly].
句子语法结构详解:
* cause 为谓语。
* if 为连词,引导条件状语从句。
* breathed 为谓语,采用现在进行时和被动语态。
* can 为情态动词。this 为指示代词。is, being 为助动词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
breathe...in | 吸入... |
Vocabulary:
this [θis] | pron | 这(个) |
cause [kɔ:z] | vt. | 使发生,造成,引起,导致 |
damage ['dæmidʒ] | n. | 1) 损失;破坏;损害 2) 情感上的损害;伤害 |
lung [lʌŋ] | n. | 肺 |
if [if] | conj. | 1) 如果, 倘若 2) 是否 |
pm2.5 | pm2.5 | |
regularly ['regjulәli] | ad. | 1) 经常 2) 有规律地;正常地;间隙均匀地 |
句子成分分析:
The current experiment involved subjects being exposed to clean air and a placebo(安慰剂) to record baseline responses.
句子语法结构详解:
* involved 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* being 为动名词。subjects 为动名词的逻辑主语。
* being 为系动词。
* exposed 为形容词作表语。
* to clean 为不定式,作状语。
* to record 为不定式,作状语。
* the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Vocabulary:
current ['kʌrәnt] | a. | 1) 当前的,现在的,现时发生的 2) 通用的,流通的,流行的 |
experiment [ik'sperimәnt] | n. | 1) 实验,试验 2) 实践 |
involve [in'vɔlv] | vt. | 1) (使)参加,加入 2) 包含,需要,使成为必然部分(或结果) |
subject ['sʌbdʒekt] | n. | 1) 主题,题目,题材 2) 学科,科目 |
exposed [ik'spәuzd] | a. | 1) (地方)无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的 2) (人)易受攻击(或批评)的;无保护的 |
clean [kli:n] | vt. | 1) 干洗 2) 除去……的灰尘,使……干净,打扫 |
air [єә] | n. | 1) 空气 2) (the air)空中,天空 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
record [ri'kɔ:d] | vt. | 1) 记录,记载 2) 录制,录(音),录(像) |
baseline | n. | 1) (用于比较的)基准,基线 2) (网球场的)底线;(棒球场的)垒线 |
response [ri'spɔns] | n. | 1) 反应,响应 2) 答复,回答 |
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