高考英语模拟试题阅读理解精选编讲第122篇——蜂贝微信小程序

That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the 4Tirst-nighf, effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.

Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved.

The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.

Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.

人们经常在陌生的环境中睡在不同的床上会遇到困难，这是一种被称为4第一次睡眠效应的现象。如果一个人第二天晚上呆在同一个房间里，他们往往会睡得更香。Yuka Sasaki和她在布朗大学的同事开始调查这种影响的起源。

佐佐木博士知道初夜效应可能与人类的进化有关。

令人困惑的是，当第二天的表现可能受到影响时，它会带来什么好处。她还从之前对鸟类和海豚的研究中了解到，这些动物一次让一半的大脑睡觉，这样它们就可以休息，同时保持足够的警惕，以躲避捕食者(捕食者). 这让她怀疑人们是否也在做同样的事情。为了更仔细地观察，她的团队研究了35名健康人，他们睡在该大学心理科学系陌生的环境中。参与者每人在科室睡了两个晚上，并通过观察大脑活动的技术进行仔细监测。佐佐木博士发现，正如预期的那样，参与者第一天晚上的睡眠不如第二天晚上好，入睡时间是第二天的两倍多，总体睡眠时间更少。在深度睡眠期间，参与者的大脑表现与鸟类和海豚相似。仅在第一个晚上，左半球(半球) 他们大脑的一半睡眠深度不如右半球。

由于好奇左半球是否真的保持清醒以处理周围环境中检测到的信息，佐佐木博士重新进行了实验，同时向睡眠的参与者发出定时的嘟嘟声(蜂鸣声) 相同音调的不规则嘟嘟声和不同音调的不规律嘟嘟声。她发现，如果左半球在陌生的环境中保持警惕，那么它会对不规则的哔哔声做出反应，将人们从睡眠中唤醒，并忽略定时的哔哔。这正是她发现的。

句子成分分析：

That people often experience trouble sleeping [in a different bed] [in unfamiliar surroundings] | is a phenomenon known 

[as the 4Tirst-nighf], effect.

句子语法结构详解：

(known 为 know 的过去分词。)

* that 为连词，引导主语从句。
* experience 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* sleeping 为现在分词，作后置定语。
* is 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* known 为过去分词，作后置定语。
* the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Sasaki knew | thefirstnight effect probably has something to do with | how humans evolved.

句子语法结构详解：

(knew 为 know 的过去式。has 为 have 的第三人称单数形式。)

* knew 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* the 开头为宾语从句，引导词 that 被省略。
* has 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* to do 为不定式。
* how 为连接副词，引导宾语从句。
* evolved 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* something 为不定代词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

The participants each slept [in the department] [for two nights] and were [carefully] monitored [with techniques 

(that looked at the activity (of their brains))].

句子语法结构详解：

(slept 为 sleep 的过去式。)

* each 为同位语
* slept 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* monitored 为谓语，采用一般过去时和被动语态。
* that 为关系代词，引导定语从句。
* looked 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* their 为形容词型物主代词。each 为不定代词。were 为助动词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

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