高考英语模拟试题阅读理解精选编讲第105篇——秒词邦背单词app
In its early histo ry, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, "No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me."
The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.
An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.
This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?
That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's sign each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.
在其早期历史中，芝加哥经常发生洪水，尤其是在春天，街道泥泞不堪，人、马和车都被卡住了。当时流行的一个老笑话是这样的：一个男人在芝加哥泥泞的街道上被卡住了。当被问及是否需要帮助时，他回答说：“不，谢谢。我有一匹好马。”
城市规划师决定修建地下排水系统(排水) 系统，但地面高度和水位之间根本没有足够的差异。仅有的两种选择是降低芝加哥河水位或抬高城市水位。
一位名叫Ellis Chesbrough的工程师说服该市，他们别无选择，只能在地面上建造管道，然后用泥土覆盖。这使该市的街道高度提高了12英尺。
这当然造成了一个新的问题：泥土几乎掩埋了芝加哥每栋建筑的一楼。建筑业主面临着一个选择：要么将他们建筑的一层改为地下室，二层改为主楼层，要么将整个建筑提升到新的街道水平。小型木框架建筑可以很容易地吊装。但像Tremont酒店这样的六层砖砌建筑又大又重呢？
这就是乔治·普尔曼的用武之地。他成功地掌握了一些搬家技巧。为了提升像Tremont酒店这样的大型建筑，普尔曼会放置数千个螺旋千斤顶(螺旋千斤顶) 在建筑物的地基下面。一个人被指派操作大约10个螺旋千斤顶的每一部分。在普尔曼的指示牌上，每个人同时转动相同的螺旋千斤顶，从而缓慢而均匀地升起大楼。令人惊讶的是，Tremont酒店在整个运营期间一直营业，许多客人甚至没有注意到发生了什么。有些人喜欢说每个问题都有解决方案。但在芝加哥的早期历史中，每一个工程解决方案似乎都会产生一个新问题。既然芝加哥的废水已经有效地排入芝加哥河，该市的下一步就是清理被污染的河流。[来源:ZXX
句子成分分析：
The city planner decided tobuild an underground drainage system, || but there simply wasn't enough difference (between the height (of the ground level) and the water level).
句子语法结构详解：
(wasn't = was not)
* decided 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* to build 为不定式，作宾语。
* but 为并列连词，连接并列句，表转折。
* there 引导 there be ... 句型, 表示“有”的意思。
* was 为系动词作谓语，采用一般过去时。
* the 为定冠词。an 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
water level | 水准；水位；水平 |
Vocabulary:
city ['siti] | n. | 1) 城市; 都市; 市 2) 全市市民 |
planner ['plænә] | n. | 1) 城市规划师 2) 设计者；规划者 |
decide [di'said] | vt. | 1) 对……作出抉择，决定，选定 2) 作裁决，下判决 |
build [bild] | vt. | 1) 建筑，建造 2) 创建，开发 |
underground ['ʌndәgraund] | a. | 1) 地下的，地面以下的 2) 秘密的，非法的，暗中的，地下的（尤指反政府的） |
drainage ['dreinidʒ] | n. | 1) 排水， 放水 2) 排水系统 |
system ['sistәm] | n. | 1) 系统 2) （思想或理论）体系 |
but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
simply ['simpli] | ad. | 1) 只，只是，仅 2) 简单地， 简明地 |
enough [i'nʌf] | a. | 足够的，充足的 |
difference ['difәrәns] | n. | 1) 差异，不同，变化 2) 差额 |
height [hait] | n. | 1) 高度 2) 身高 |
ground [graund] | n. | 1) 地面, 地上 2) 理由，根据 |
level ['levl] | n. | 1) 水平，级别，层次 2) 水平高度 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
句子成分分析：
This [of course] created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors (of every building) [in Chicago].
句子语法结构详解：
* created 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* buried 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* this 为指示代词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
of course | 当然 |
first floor | 1) 地面以上的一层 2) 底层，底楼，一楼（建筑物与外面地面相平的一层） |
Vocabulary:
this [θis] | pron | 这(个) |
create [kri:'eit] | vt. | 1) 创造，创作，创建 2) 造成，引起，产生（感觉或印象） |
new [nju:] | a. | 1) 新的，刚出现的，新近推出的 2) （the new）新东西，新事物 |
problem ['prɔblәm] | n. | 1) 棘手的问题，难题，困难 2) 逻辑题，数学题 |
dirt [dә:t] | n. | 1) 污垢，污泥 2) 灰尘; 尘垢 |
practically ['præktikli] | ad. | 1) 几乎；差不多；很接近 2) 实事求是地；实际地 |
bury ['beri] | vt. | 1) 埋,埋藏,掩埋 2) 埋葬，安葬 |
every ['evri] | a. | 1) 每(个), 每一 2) 所有可能的 3) 每隔, 每逢, 每 |
building ['bildiŋ] | n. | 1) 建筑物，房子，楼房 2) 建筑，建筑业 |
Chicago [ʃi'kɑ:gәu] | n. | [地名] 芝加哥 |
句子成分分析：
Now that Chicago's waste water was draining [efficiently] into the Chicago River, || the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.
句子语法结构详解：
* now that 引导状语从句。
* 第1个 was 为助动词。
* draining 为谓语，采用一般过去进行时。
* 第2个 the 开头为陈述句。
* 第2个 was 为系动词作谓语，采用一般过去时。
* to clean 为不定式，作表语。
* polluted 为过去分词作定语
* Chicago's, city's 为名词所有格。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
now that | 既然, 由于 |
Vocabulary:
Chicago [ʃi'kɑ:gәu] | n. | [地名] 芝加哥 |
waste [weist] | a. | 1) 荒芜的，未开垦的，废弃的 2) 废弃的，丢弃的，无用的 |
water ['wɔ:tә] | n. | 1) 水 2) 水域，江河湖海 |
drain [drein] | vi. | 1) 排空, 流光 2) 流走，流出 |
efficiently | ad. | 生效, 能胜任, 有能力, 效率高, 有效 |
river ['rivә] | n. | 1) 河，江 2) （液体）涌流 |
city ['siti] | n. | 1) 城市; 都市; 市 2) 全市市民 |
next ['nekst] | a. | 1) 下一个的， 紧接着的，接下来的 2) 紧随其后的，下一个的 |
step [step] | n. | 1) 步骤， 阶段 2) 步，脚步，步伐 3) 台阶,阶梯 |
clean [kli:n] | vt. | 1) 干洗 2) 除去……的灰尘，使……干净，打扫 |
pollute [pә'lu:t] | vt. | 污染，弄脏 |
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