
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread fast
er and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spre
ad a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
坏消息很畅销。如果它流血,它就会领先。没有消息就是好消息,好消息就是没有消息。这是晚间广播和晨报的经典规则。但现在信息正在被传播和监控(监控)研究人员正在以不同的方式发现新的规则。通过追踪人们的电子邮件和在线帖子,科学家们发现,好消息比灾难和悲伤的故事传播得更快、更远。
宾夕法尼亚大学学者Jonah Berger说:“‘如果流血’规则适用于大众媒体。”。“他们想要你的眼球,不在乎你的感受。但当你和朋友分享一个故事时,你更在乎他们的反应。你不想让他们认为你是黛比·唐纳。”
研究人员分析了口碑交流——电子邮件、网络帖子和评论、面对面的对话——发现它往往是积极的,而不是消极的(消极的), 但这并不一定意味着人们更喜欢正面新闻。积极的消息被分享得更多是因为人们经历的好事多于坏事吗?为了测试这种可能性,伯杰博士研究了人们如何传播一组特定的新闻故事:《纽约时报》网站上的数千篇文章。他和宾夕法尼亚大学的一位同事分析了六个月来“电子邮件最多”的名单。他的第一个发现是,科学部分的文章比非科学文章更有可能上榜。他发现,科学让《泰晤士报》的读者感到惊讶,并让他们想与他人分享这种积极的感觉。
读者也倾向于分享令人兴奋或有趣的文章,或激发愤怒或焦虑等负面情绪的文章,但不会分享只让他们感到悲伤的文章。他们需要被唤醒(激发) 不管怎样,他们更喜欢好消息而不是坏消息。正如伯杰博士在他的新书《传染病:为什么事情会流行》中所解释的那样,一篇文章越积极,就越有可能被分享
句子成分分析:
But when you share a story with your friends, || you care [a lot more] | how they react.
You don't want them to think of you [as a Debbie Downer]."
句子语法结构详解:
(don't = do not)
* when 为连词,引导时间状语从句。
* share 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* 第2个 you 开头为陈述句。
* care 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* how 为连接副词,引导宾语从句。
* react 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* want 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* to think 为不定式,作宾语补足语(或称复合宾语)。
* you 为人称代词。they 为人称代词主格。them 为人称代词宾格。your 为形容词型物主代词。do 为助动词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
share sth with sb | 和...分享... |
a lot more | 1) 多很多 2) ( ~ + adj/adv)...得多, 更加... |
think of...as... | 把...看作... |
Vocabulary:
but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
story ['stɔ:ri] | n. | 1) (虚构的)故事,小说等 2) (真实情况或对往事的)口述,叙述、新闻报道 3) [美](=storey)楼层 |
friend [frend] | n. | 1) 朋友 2) 支持者 |
care [kєә] | vt. | 关注,在意,担忧 |
react [ri'ækt] | vi. | 1) 起反应,(对……)作出反应,回应 2) (对食物等)有不良反应,过敏 |
want [wɔnt] | vt. | 1) 要,想要,希望 2) 需要 |
句子成分分析
One (of his first findings) was | that articles (in the science section) were much more likely to make the list [than non-science articles].
句子语法结构详解:
* was 为系动词作谓语,采用一般过去时。
* that 为连词,引导表语从句。
* were 为系动词作谓语,采用一般过去时。
* likely 为形容词作表语。
* to make 为不定式,作状语。
* his 为形容词型物主代词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
be likely to do sth | (很)可能... |
1) 多很多,多得多 2) (修饰形容词或副词)...得多, 更加... |
Vocabulary:
one [wʌn] | pron | 1) 一个人(或物) 2) (代表前面提到的,避免重复) |
first [fә:st] | a. | 1) 第一的 2) 最初的; 最先的 |
finding ['faindiŋ] | n. | 1) 调查发现,调研结果 2) [律]裁决,判决 |
article ['ɑ:tikl] | n. | 1) 文章,论文,报道 2) 物品,物件 |
science ['saiәns] | n. | 1) 科学 2) 理科 |
section ['sekʃәn] | n. | 1) 款,项,部分 2) 部门 |
make [meik] | vt. | 1) 做, 制作, 创造,创作, 建造 2) 使出现, 形成 3) 引起, 使产生 |
list [list] | n. | 1) 名单,目录,清单 2) (船)倾斜 |
than [ðæn] | prep. | 比 |
句子成分分析:
He found | that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to.share this positive feeling with others.
句子语法结构详解:
(found 为 find 的过去式。made 为 make 的过去式。)
* found 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* that 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* amazed 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* made 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* want 为不带 to 的不定式,作宾语补足语(或称复合宾语)。
* to share 为不定式,作宾语。
* he 为人称代词主格。them 为人称代词宾格。other 为不定代词。Times' 为名词所有格。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
share sth with sb | 和...分享... |
Vocabulary:
find [faind] | vt. | 1) (意外或偶然地)发现,碰到 2) 找到,找回 |
science ['saiәns] | n. | 1) 科学 2) 理科 |
amaze [ә'meiz] | vt. | 使惊奇,使惊愕,使惊诧 |
time [taim] | n. | 1) 时间 2) 时候 3) 时期,时代 |
reader ['ri:dә] | n. | 1) 读者,读书……的人,阅读量大的人 2) (报刊杂志等的)读者 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
make [meik] | vt. | 1) 强迫, 迫使,让 2) 做, 制作, 创造,创作, 建造 3) 使出现, 形成 |
want [wɔnt] | vt. | 1) 要,想要,希望 2) 需要 |
this [θis] | a. | 1) 这(个) 2) 今,本 |
positive ['pɔzitiv] | a. | 1) 良好的,正面的,有益的 2) 乐观的,积极乐观的 3) 积极的,建设性的 |
feeling ['fi:liŋ] | n. | 1) 感觉,知觉 2) (feelings) 感情,情感 |
other ['ʌðә] | n. | 1) 其他人, 其他的(事物) 2) 其余的人或事物, 剩下的人或事物 |
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