高考英语模拟试题阅读理解精选编讲第86篇——秒词邦背单词app

Is any economist so dull as to criticise Christmas? At first glance,the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those concerned with such vagaries (奇想）as GDP growth.After all,everyone is spending;in America,retailers make 25% of their yearly sales and 60% of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas.Even so,economiwsts find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made.

Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others.At the simplest level,giving gifts involves the giver thinking of something that the recipient would like-he tries to guess her preferences,as economists say-and then buying the gift and delivering it.Yet this guessing of preferences is not easy;indeed,it is often done badly.Every year,ties go unworn and books unread.And even if a gift is enjoyed,it may not be what the recipient would have bought if they had spent the money themselves.

Interested in this mismatch between wants and gifts,in 1993 Joel Waldfogel,then an economist at Yale University,sought to estimate the difference in dollar terms.In a research,he asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season:first,estimate the total amount paid (by the givers) for all the holiday gifts you received;second,apart from the sentimental value of the items,if you did not have them,how much would you be willing to pay to get them? His results were gloomy:on average,a gift was valued by the recipient well below the price paid by the giver.

In addition,recipients may not know their own preferences very well.Some of the best gifts,after all,are unexpected items that you would never have thought of buying,but which turn out to be especially well picked.And preference can change.So by giving a jazz CD,for example,the giver may be encouraging the recipient to enjoy something that was ignored before.This,a desire to build skills,is possibly the hope held by many parents who ignore their children's desires for video games and buy them books instead.

Finally,there are items that a recipient would like to receive but not purchase.If someone else buys them,however,they can be enjoyed guilt-free.This might explain the high volume of chocolate that changes over the holidays.Thus,the lesson for gift-givers is that you should try hard to guess the preference of each person on your list and then choose a gift that will have a high sentimenta                                               l value.

有没有经济学家无聊到批评圣诞节？乍一看，西方经济体的假日季节似乎对那些关注这种变幻莫测的人来说是一种享受(奇想）作为GDP增长。毕竟，每个人都在消费；在美国，从感恩节到圣诞节，零售商的年销售额占到了25%，利润占到了60%。即便如此，经济学家还是发现，购买的性质令人担忧。

大部分节日开支都花在了给别人的礼物上。在最简单的层面上，送礼者会想到收件人想要的东西——正如经济学家所说，他试图猜测她的偏好，然后购买礼物并送出去。然而，这种对偏好的猜测并不容易；事实上，它经常做得很糟糕。每年，领带都会没人穿，书也会没人读。即使礼物很受欢迎，如果收件人自己花了钱，也可能不会买礼物。

1993年，时任耶鲁大学经济学家的乔尔·瓦尔德福格尔（Joel Waldfogel）对想要和礼物之间的这种不匹配感兴趣，试图用美元来估计这种差异。在一项研究中，他在假期结束时问了学生两个问题：首先，估计（送礼者）为你收到的所有节日礼物支付的总额；第二，除了这些物品的情感价值之外，如果你没有它们，你愿意花多少钱来得到它们？他的结果是悲观的：平均而言，礼物的接受者对礼物的估价远低于送礼者支付的价格。

此外，接受者可能不太了解自己的偏好。毕竟，一些最好的礼物是你从未想过要买的意想不到的东西，但事实证明，这些礼物挑选得特别好。偏好可能会改变。因此，例如，通过赠送爵士CD，赠送者可能是在鼓励接受者享受以前被忽视的东西。这可能是许多父母的希望，他们忽视了孩子对电子游戏的渴望，转而给他们买书。

最后，还有一些物品是收件人想收到但不想购买的。然而，如果有人买了，他们可以毫无愧疚地享用。这可能解释了节日期间巧克力含量高的原因。因此，送礼者的教训是，你应该努力猜测名单上每个人的偏好，然后选择一份具有高情感价值的礼物。

句子成分分析：

Is any economist so dull || as to criticise Christmas?[At first glance],the holiday season (in western economies) seems a treat [for those (concerned with such vagaries (奇想) as GDP growth)].

句子语法结构详解：

* is 引导一般疑问句。
* is 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* 句中含有 so/such...as to (do sth) 结构， 意为“如此/那么….以致”。
* dull 为形容词作表语。
* 第1个 as 为连词，引导比较状语从句。
* to criticise 为不定式。
* seems 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* treat 为名词作表语。
* concerned with such vagaries ( 奇想 ) as GDP growth 为后置定语。
* 句中含有 such ... as ... 结构， 意为“(诸如)……之类的……”。
* those 为指示代词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

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句子成分分析：

And even if a gift is enjoyed, || it may not be | what the recipient would have bought || if they had spent the money themselves.

句子语法结构详解：

(bought 为 buy 的过去分词。spent 为 spend 的过去分词。)

* even if 引导让步状语从句。
* enjoyed 为谓语，采用一般现在时和被动语态。
* it 开头为陈述句。
* be 为系动词作谓语。
* what 为关系代词，引导表语从句。
* bought 为谓语，采用虚拟语气。
* 第2个 if 为连词，引导条件状语从句。
* spent 为谓语，采用虚拟语气。
* may, would 为情态动词。they 为人称代词主格。themselves 为自身代词。is, have, had 为助动词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Some (of the best gifts), <after all>, are unexpected items (that you would [never] have thought of buying), but (which turn out to be especially well picked).

句子语法结构详解：

(thought 为 think 的过去分词。best 为 good 的最高级形式)

* are 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* that 为关系代词，引导定语从句。
* thought 为谓语，采用虚拟语气。
* buying 为现在分词，作状语。
* which 为关系代词，引导定语从句。
* turn 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* to be especially well picked 为不定式，作状语。该不定式采用被动语态。
* you 为人称代词。would 为情态动词。some 为不定代词。have, be 为助动词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

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