
MKII, a planet billions of kilometers away, is the origin of life in many religions. Physicists have proved the theory that its gentle climate and the pull of its gravity are similar to the earth’s. And astronomers have found that oxygen atoms and carbon dioxide, which are fundamental to life, exist in its atmosphere through satellites. Cheered up by this news, biologists, in their turn, began to do some research to remove people’s puzzles— Now that there are some suitable conditions, does life really exist on this globe? Do they multiply by laying eggs or giving birth to babies?
Last month, a spaceship was sent there. It’s a pity that this mission failed. Unlike the earth, MKII is a much younger planet. Thus, masses of harmful acid clouds float everywhere causing violent chain reactions to break out. These clouds not only blocked out the pilots’ sight but also damaged the engine system. Luckily, the pilots watched out carefully and prevented the spaceship from crashing in time.
探测MKII行星
MK二号是一颗几十亿公里外的行星,它在许多宗教里都是生命起源的地方。物理学家已经证明了它温和的气候和重力的牵引都和地球相似的理论;天文学家也通过卫星,在它的大气层里发现了氧原子和二氧化碳的存在,这些都是对生命来说,都是基本的。受到这一消息的鼓舞,生物学家们接着开始了研究以解开人们的迷惑——既然有了适合的条件,生命真的存在于这个星球吗?他们是通过下蛋,还是产仔来繁殖后代的呢?
上个月,一艘太空飞船被派到了那儿。可惜的是,这次任务失败了。不像地球,MK二号是一颗年轻得多的行星。因此,大团大团的有害酸云到处漂浮,引起猛烈的连锁反应的爆发。这些云团不仅阻挡了飞行员的视线,而且还损坏了发动机系统。幸运的是,飞行员小心注意,才及时阻止了飞船的坠毁。
MKII, a _____________ [行星] _____________ [几十亿] kilometers away, is the _____________ [起源] of life in many _____________ [宗教]. _____________ [物理学家] have proved the _____________ [理论] that its gentle _____________ [气候] and the pull of its _____________ [重力] are _____________ [相似] to the earth’s. And _____________ [宇航员] have found that _____________ [氧原子] and carbon dioxide, which are _____________ [重要的,基本的] to life, exist in its _____________ [空气,大气层] _____________ [通过] _____________ [卫星]. _____________ [鼓舞] by this news, _____________ [生物学家], in their turn, began to do some research to _____________ [解开,移除] people’s _____________ [疑惑]— _____________ [既然] there are some _____________ [合适的条件], does life really _____________ [存在] on this _____________ [星球]? Do they multiply by laying eggs or _____________ [繁殖,生产] babies?
Last month, a _____________ [太空飞船] was sent there. It’s a pity that this _____________ [任务] _____________ [失败]. _____________ [不像] the earth, MKII is a much _____________ [更年轻] planet. Thus, _____________ [大量] of _____________ [有害的] acid clouds _____________ [漂浮] everywhere causing _____________ [暴力的,猛烈的] _____________ [连锁反应] to _____________ [发生]. These clouds _____________ [不仅] blocked out the pilots’ _____________ [视线] but also _____________ [损害] the _____________ [发动机系统]. Luckily, the pilots _____________ [注意] _____________ [细心地] and _____________ [阻止] the _____________ [飞船] from _____________ [坠毁] _____________ [及时].
序号 | 短语/句型 | 意义 | 例句 |
1 | billions of | 数以亿计的 | Israel accepted billions of dollars in war reparations. |
以色列得到了几十亿美元的战争赔款。 | |||
2 | be similar to | 与……相似 | This condition could be similar to human depression. |
这一状况类似于人类的低落情绪。 | |||
3 | be fundamental to | 对……很重要 | Hard work is fundamental to success. |
勤奋工作是成功的基础。 | |||
4 | cheer up | 欢呼 | The news cheered up everybody. |
那消息使大家高兴起来。 | |||
5 | give birth to | 产生,造成;生孩子 | Most parents give birth to their own children. |
大多数父母生育他们自己的孩子。 | |||
6 | It’s a pity that从句 | 遗憾的是 | It's a pity that you can't stay longer. |
你不能再多停留些时间,真是遗憾。 | |||
7 | watch out | 小心;提防 | Watch out! There's a car coming! |
小心!汽车来了! | |||
8 | in time | 及时;适时 | I hope we get there in time. |
我希望我们及时到达那里。 |
1 | 原句 | Physicists have proved the theory that its gentle climate and the pull of its gravity are similar to the earth’s. |
解析 | (1) 同学们要学会判断本句的名词theory后面that引导的从句类型,乍一看很像定语从句,因为也是在先行词theory后面,但如果是定语从句,先行词用了that则意味着从句中缺宾(表)语或主语,但从句的主语its gentle climate and the pull of its gravity和表语similar to the earth’s都有,所以不是定语从句。 (2) 主句Physicists have proved the theory中主语和宾语都不缺(完整的主谓宾结构),所以也不是宾语从句和主语从句,这里的that引导得也肯定不是状语从句,所以只能是同位语从句。先行词theory是“理论”之意,that从句不过是把理论的内容说出来而已,即理论就是这个从句,这个从句就是所谓的理论,为相互的等同解释关系。 | |
2 | 原句 | And astronomers have found that oxygen atoms and carbon dioxide, which are fundamental to life, exist in its atmosphere through satellites. |
解析 | (1) And astronomers have found that+从句这明显是一个主句,主谓语。that后面接从句肯定是宾语从句,也即主句是一个完整的主谓宾结构,只是宾语是一个that引导的句子。 (2) 再来分析that引导的从句中:oxygen atoms and carbon dioxide是主语,谓语是exist in,宾语是its atmosphere。 (3) 至于,which are fundamental to life,其实是一个非限制性定语从句用来做后置定语说明主语而已,也就是这个定语从句主语的定语。 (4) 而through satellites(通过卫星)是描述天文学家发现的方式的,所以And astronomers have found你肯定要翻译为:天文学家通过卫星发现。 (5) 大家在翻译的过程中,如果搞不清句子结构,看到这种非限制性定语从句可以先去掉,你就能看清楚整个句子主干,因为定语(从句)不是句子主干的必需部分。 (6) 翻译技巧:整体是一个主谓宾,所以你先翻译主干的主语、谓语;因为宾语是一个从句,所以你接着翻译宾语从句中的主语谓语和宾语;非限制性定语从句你可以作为插入语修饰一下主语,可以翻译为……的+主语,也可以在主语翻译完以后,对主语做一个解释说明。于是我们翻译的结果是: 版本1:天文学家通过卫星发现,氧原子和二氧化碳这些都是对生命来说都是基本的物质存在于大气中。(直译法,未按照中国表达的习惯进行拆分、换序、变通等整合) 版本2:天文学家通过卫星发现,氧原子和二氧化碳存在于大气中,而这些物质对生命来说都是最基本的。(直译法,未按照中国表达的习惯进行拆分、换序、变通等整合) 版本3:天文学家也通过卫星,在它的大气层里发现了氧原子和二氧化碳的存在,这些都是对生命来说,都是基本的。(直译+意译法,充分按照中国表达的习惯进行拆分、换序、变通等整合)。 (7) 所以,英文和中文翻译之间,并不是一个英文句子就只能用一个中文表达群组来进行翻译,顺序也不是固定死的,你完全可以在尊重原文意义的基础上,进行适当的调整、拆分、打乱顺序,理解原句意思基础上进行适当的用词变通。 | |
3 | 原句 | Thus, masses of harmful acid clouds float everywhere causing violent chain reactions to break out. |
解析 | (1) Thus(副词),放在句首,后面接一个你接下来要正式表达的句子,有点类似then/ and then,now的语法架构。everywhere地点状语修饰float表示漂浮的状态(到处漂浮)。 (2) masses of harmful acid clouds是整个句子的主语,先翻译of后的名词再翻前面的名词。 (3) causing是一个动作(引起之意),因为句子已经有谓语float了,所以cause这个动作只能用非谓语,又因为“引起”这个动作和谓语动词float是一种伴随和同时发生的概念,所以要用非谓语的doing形式,而不是尚未发生的to float或表示被动的floated。 (4) break out又是动词,句子已经有谓语float,所以还得用非谓语(to do形式),再者有个句型:cause sth. to do。 |
1 | 插入语 | MKII, a planet billions of kilometers away, is the origin中的a planet billions of kilometers away就是插入语,用于补充说明MKII。a planet是名词,billions of kilometers away是后置定语。 |
2 | Physicists 相关词 | Physicists:物理学家。类似地表示……家/人/者的还有:scholar 学者;translator 翻译家;novelist 小说家;playwright 剧作家;linguist 语言学家;botanist 植物学家;economist 经济学家;chemist 化学家;scientist 科学家;philosopher 哲学家;politician 政治学家;mathematician 数学家;biologist 生物学家;zoologist 动物学家;statistician 统计学家;physiologist 生理学家;artists 艺术家;painter 画家;musician 音乐家;composer 作曲家;singer 歌唱家;designer 设计家;sculptor 雕刻家。 |
3 | 高级词 | important:重要的,低级词汇。其高级词有:vital,fundamental。写作文记得用上。 |
4 | 破折号的作用 | remove people’s puzzles- Now that the:破折号往往表示解释说明。各阶段的阅读理解中经常会对标点符号进行考察。比如要你猜测破折号前面的某个单词的词义,最后的解题思路就是你要明白破折号后面的内容是什么,因为可以通过破折号的解释说明能反推前面下划线单词的意思。 |
5 | 短语区别 | in time和on time的区别: (1) 指代不同:in time:及时;on time:准时。侧重点不同:in time:侧重于表示刚好在这个时间段内;on time:侧重于表示刚好在这个时间点上。 |
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