40篇文章搞定3500词【秒词邦全国高考冲刺资料研发中心-衡水内部资料引用文献】-4. A Horrible Earthquake

2023-11-03 18:01 来源:秒词邦高考冲刺教材编辑部阅读:221

4. A Horrible Earthquake

原文：

Dirty water rose in wells and canals before the earthquake. But no one judged that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly, everything shook. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Millions of brick houses and a number of dams were destroyed. railway tracks became useless bars. Pipes in mines burst and let out smelly steam. Huge cracks trapped cyclists everywhere.

The next day, this event was the headline or main title of all newspapers. With the reporters giving an outline of the disaster, the whole nation was shocked by the damage and the victim’s extreme suffering. People were moved when they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying “Congratulations! You survived!”. So they not only expressed their sympathy sincerely, but also organized together to help the victims right away. The injured were rescued and the dead were buried. The frightened survivors were dug out from under the ruins and were offered shelter, fresh water and electricity. Thanks to people’s help, the loss was minimized.

译文：

可怕的地震

地震前，水井和运河里的污水都涨涌起来。但是却没人判断出地震即将来临。刹那间，一切都在摇晃，似乎整个世界就要结束。数以百万的砖房和许多水坝遭到破坏；铁路轨道都变成无用的铁条；煤矿管道纷纷爆裂，发出有臭味的蒸汽；到处都有骑车的人被巨大的裂缝陷住。

第二天，所有报纸都纷纷以大字标题或主要标题报道了这一事件。记者们描述了灾难的大概情况，全国都被地震的破坏和灾民们极度的苦难所震惊。当人们读到幸存者以“恭喜啊，你还活着。”来互相安慰时，都被感动了。人们不仅衷心地表达了他们的同情，而且还立刻组织起来帮助灾民。伤员被救助了，死者被埋葬了，吓坏的幸存者从废墟中被挖出来了，栖身处、净水和电力也很快得到提供。多亏了人们的帮助，灾区的损失减了不少。

拼写填空：

_____________ [脏的] water rose in _____________ [井] and _____________ [水渠，运河] before the _____________ [地震]. But no one _____________ [判断] that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly, everything shook. It seemed _____________ [就好像，似乎] the world was _____________ [结束，末尾]. _____________ [数以百万的] _____________ [砖块] houses and _____________ [许多] _____________ [水坝] were _____________ [损坏]. Railway _____________ [轨道] became _____________ [无用的] bars. _____________ [管道] in _____________ [煤矿] _____________ [爆裂] and let out _____________ [臭味的蒸汽]. Huge _____________ [裂缝] _____________ [困住，陷住] _____________ [骑车的人] everywhere.

The next day, this _____________ [事件] was the _____________ [大字标题] or main _____________ [题目，头衔] of all newspapers. With the _____________ [记者] giving an _____________ [大概情况，目录] of the _____________ [灾难], the whole _____________ [国家] was _____________ [震惊] by the _____________ [损害] and the victim’s _____________ [极度地遭难]. People were moved when they read that the _____________ [幸存者] comforted each other by saying “ _____________ [祝贺]! You survived!”. So they not only _____________ [表达] their sympathy _____________ [真诚地], but also organized together to help the victims _____________ [正确的方式]. The _____________ [受伤的] were _____________ [营救] and the dead were _____________ [埋葬]. The _____________ [受惊吓的] survivors were _____________ [挖出] from under the _____________ [毁坏] and were offered _____________ [避难所], fresh water and _____________ [电，电力]. Thanks to people’s help, the loss was minimized.

短语句型：

序号	短语/句型	意义	例句
1	as if	好像，好似	I felt as if my heart had stopped.
			我觉得好像我的心都不跳了。
2	at an end	完结，结束；耗尽	When the meeting was at an end, they all rose to their feet and left.
			会议结束时，他们都站起来离开了。
3	millions of	成千上万的……；无数的……	The programme attracted millions of viewers.
			这个节目吸引了数百万电视观众。
4	a number of	若干，一些；许多	The essay contains a number of factual errors.
			文章中有一些与事实不符的错误。
5	be shocked by sth./ sb.	对……感到震惊	You may be shocked by the outcome of the test.
			你也许会震惊的试验结果。
6	each other	彼此，互相	We eyed each other thoughtfully.
			We eyed each other thoughtfully.
7	not only…… but also……	不仅……而且……	She's not only a great dramatic actress but she's also very funny.
			她不仅是一位伟大的女戏剧演员，而且也很幽默。
8	right away	立刻	He wants to see you right away.
			他想立刻见你。
9	dig out	掘出；发现	It is impossible for you so few people to dig out such high mountains.
			你们父子数人要挖掉这样两座大山是不可能的。
10	thanks to	由于，幸亏	I would like to propose a vote of thanks to our host.
			我提议向我们的主人表示感谢。

长难句型：

1	原句	With the reporters giving an outline of the disaster, the whole nation was shocked by the damage and the victim’s extreme suffering.
1	解析	(1) 介词with后面其实是一个独立主格结构（简单讲就是从成分上来说也是一个句子，主谓宾都有，只是把其中的谓语改为了非谓语，这就是独立主格结构。这句话适用于90%的独立主格情况。） (2) 很明显：the reporters是主语，giving是“谓语”（独立主格的非谓语），an outline of the disaster是非谓语动词giving的宾语。也就是with后面加了一个独立主格的结构做状语,表明逗号后面句子发生的一个状态。 (3) was shocked是被动谓语动词的标准结构。by是介词，后面加了两个名词the damage和the victim’s extreme suffering，只是这两个名词由and并列起来。victim’s是名词所有格，变为形容词性质了，而extreme也是形容词，这两个形容词连在一起共同修饰后面的名词suffering（这个名词是由动词suffer加ing变为动名词转化而来的）。 (4) 注：With the reporters giving an outline of the disaster与我们熟知的With the development of the society结构有点像，但是构成逻辑完全不同。With the development of the society只是with后面多加了一个名词而已（这个名词总体结构为：名词1+of+名词2，先翻译名词2再翻译名词1）。
2	原句	People were moved when they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying “Congratulations! You survived!”.
2	解析	(1) People were moved是主句，典型的主语+be+done，表示主语被怎样：人们被感动了。当然你反应的时候不一定要这么死板非得翻译一个被字出来，你就说：当……时候，人们很感动。因为中文和英文并不是完全对应的，大家翻译时需要灵活处理。 (2) when引导的是时间状语从句（从when一直到最后），表明主句People were moved 发生的时间状态。when是从属连词，那么they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying “Congratulations! You survived!”.这句就是从句本身了，从句也是句子。 (3) 我们继续分析这个从句的结构：they是从句的主语，read是从句的谓语，谓语后面又有个that从属连词，也就是有个从句（that the survivors comforted each other by saying “Congratulations! You survived!”.），很明显这个that从句是谓语动词read的对象和内容，也就是人们读的内容（读的对象），也就是“读”这个谓语动作的宾语，所以that从句是宾语从句（宾语的位置是句子）。 (4) 这个that宾语从句中的主语是the survivors（幸存者），谓语是 comforted（安慰），宾语是each other（表示安慰的对象和内容），by+名词是宾语从句中的方式状语，表明这些幸存者安慰其他人的方式。 (5) 总结：when引导的时间状语从句中的宾语位置套了一个从句（宾语从句）。
3	原句	The frightened survivors were dug out from under the ruins and were offered shelter, fresh water and electricity.
3	解析	(1) frightened是ed结尾的形容词，往往修饰人（survivors幸存者）。类似的形容词还有interested，tired,大多修饰人。而frightening,interesting和tiring一般用于修饰物。 (2) dug out是不及物动词短语（挖出）；from：从哪里挖出；under the ruins（废墟下面）。连起来就是从废墟下面挖出。from是介词，under也是介词，两个介词扎堆的情况一般比较少用，这里是恰好碰到了。甚至在一般语法结构中我们认为介词扎堆很有可能是错误的，这里比较特殊。

核心考点：

1	一词多义	well除了有“好地”意思外，还有“井”之意；mine是名词性物主代词“我的”（等于my+名词），还有矿藏，矿，矿井的意思；title除了有标题，还有头衔的意思；move除了有移动，还有感动的意思；water还有浇水之意。
2	动词形式	rise [raɪz] 上升，增长。其过去式和过去分词分别为：rose和risen。对比raise [reɪz] 提升，举起，饲养，种植。这两个单词的核心区别在于raise有种植和饲养之意，这是rise没有的。raise的过去式过去分词都是：raised。具体差异对比： (1) raise和rise都有“上升”的意思，记住下面2句话： raise是及物动词，后面必须有宾语，就是“某人把某物举起来”。如：He raised his right hand. 他举起了右手。（是他把手举起来的，所以用raise） rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语，也就是说“某人、某物自己升起来”。如：Smoke rose into the sky. 空中升起了烟。（烟也是自己飘的，所以用rise） (2) raise和rise都有“增长”的意思，同样地：raise是及物动词，后面必须有宾语。rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。比如：We will have to raise our fees. 我们需要提高费用。（raise后面一定要有宾语），而Prices are rising rapidly. 价格快速上涨。（rise后面一定不能有宾语）
3	虚拟语气	as if 引导虚拟语气的用法：as if 从句用虚拟语气，当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下: (1) 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：You look as if you didn’t care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。 (2) 从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。 (3) 从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。例如：He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
4	约数词表达	million，thousand，hundred等如果表示大量、约数，则前面不加数词，后面要加s和of，否则就要在前面加数词后面不加s也不加of。比如200个学生：2 hundred students；成百上千的学生则要用：hundreds of students。
5	短语区别	a number of和 the number of的区别和用法： (1) the number of意思是“……的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，中心词是number，谓语动词要用单数。如：The number of young people obtaining qualifications has remained static or decreased. (2) 获得资格证的年轻人数量一直维持不变或出现下降（谓语动词是三单has而不是have）。 (3) a number of意思是“许多”，相当于many，修饰可数名词复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：A number of houses were burnt down in the fire. 在火灾中，好些房子给烧毁了（谓语动词是were而不是was）。

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